Heating and Cooling

• What is the process of condensing?

  Gas turns into liquid
• What happens during freezing?

  Liquid turns into solid
• What occurs during condensing and freezing?

  • Bonds between particles are broken
  • Stronger bonds form between particles
  • Internal energy decreases
  • Energy is transferred away from particles' potential energy stores
  • Temperature stays the same
• What happens during boiling?

  Liquid turns into gas
• What occurs during melting?

  Solid turns into liquid
• What happens during melting and boiling?

  • Bonds between particles are broken
  • Internal energy increases
  • Energy is transferred to particles' potential energy stores
  • Temperature stays the same
• What is specific heat capacity?

  Energy needed to raise 1 kg by 1°C
• What is latent heat?

  Energy needed to change the state of a substance
• What is specific latent heat?

  Energy needed to change 1 kg's state without temperature change
• What is specific latent heat of fusion?

  Latent heat for solid to liquid change
• What is specific latent heat of vaporisation?

  Latent heat for liquid to gas change
• What are the key concepts related to specific heat capacity and latent heat?

  • Specific heat capacity: energy to raise 1 kg by 1°C
  • Latent heat: energy to change state
  • Specific latent heat: energy for 1 kg state change without temperature change
  • Specific latent heat of fusion: solid to liquid
  • Specific latent heat of vaporisation: liquid to gas