cell structure and transport

• What does cell structure refer to?

  The components that make up a cell
• What is the function of the cell membrane?

  Encloses and protects the cell
• What does the nucleus contain?

  The cell's genetic material
• What is cytoplasm?


  Gel-like substance housing organelles
• What are organelles?


  Structures performing specific tasks within the cell
• What are the main parts of a cell and their functions?

  • **Cell membrane**: Encloses and protects the cell
  • **Nucleus**: Contains genetic material
  • **Cytoplasm**: Gel-like substance housing organelles
  • Organelles: Perform specific tasks within the cell
• What is the primary function of ribosomes?

  Protein synthesis
• What is the role of lysosomes in a cell?

  Breaking down waste products
• What does the cytoplasm do in a eukaryotic cell?

  Houses and supports cell organelles
• What is the fluid mosaic model?

  Model describing the cell membrane's structure
• What is selective permeability in cell membranes?

  Allows specific substances to pass through
• What role do transport proteins play in the cell membrane?

  Facilitate movement of molecules across the membrane
• How does insulin enter cells?

  By binding to glucose transport proteins
• What is the difference between passive and active transport?

  Passive transport requires no energy, active does
• What is an example of passive transport?

  Oxygen movement into cells
• What is an example of active transport?

  Sodium-potassium pump
• What is osmosis?


  Movement of water across a membrane
• What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

  Packaging and distributing proteins and lipids
• How do facilitated diffusion and active transport differ?


  Facilitated diffusion does not require energy
• What is the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

  Stabilizes membrane fluidity
• What is the primary function of the phospholipid bilayer?

  Structural foundation of the cell membrane
• What is the main purpose of cell transport?

  Moves substances into or out of cells
• What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?

  Diffusion is for all substances, osmosis is for water
• How do active and passive transport relate to cellular energy use?

  Active transport requires energy, passive does not
• What type of transport fuses into cells without energy?

  Passive transport
• What are the two main types of cell transport mechanisms?

  • Active transport (requires ATP)
  • Passive transport (does not require energy)
• What is the role of ATP in active transport?

  It provides energy to move molecules against gradients
• What are the two types of passive transport mentioned?

  Diffusion and facilitated diffusion
• How does diffusion occur in passive transport?

  Movement from high to low concentration
• What is osmosis in the context of passive transport?

  Water movement across a membrane
• What are the three mechanisms of passive transport?

  1. Diffusion
  2. Osmosis
  3. Facilitated diffusion
• What is endocytosis?


  Engulfing materials into vesicles
• How do concentration gradients affect diffusion rates?

  Steeper gradients accelerate diffusion rates
• How does temperature affect transport rates?


  Higher temperature increases transport rates
• What happens to glucose uptake if the temperature is lowered?

  It decreases the rate of glucose uptake
• What is the effect of cell membrane permeability on transport?

  More permeable membranes allow faster transport
• What is the example given for diffusion in the study material?

  Oxygen in cells
• What is the example given for osmosis in the study material?

  Water into red blood cells
• What is the example given for facilitated diffusion in the study material?

  Glucose transport
• How does the sodium-potassium pump function in active transport?

  It maintains sodium and potassium levels using ATP