IONIC BONDING - CHEMISTRY

• What type of bond do particles form through ionic bonding?

  Ionic bonds
• What are ions formed from?

  Atoms losing or gaining electrons
• How does a sodium atom become a sodium ion?

  It loses one electron
• Why does a sodium atom lose an electron?

  To achieve stability with a full outer shell
• What charge does a sodium ion have?

  One plus
• What does chlorine need to form a chloride ion?

  One additional electron
• What happens to sodium and chlorine during ionic bonding?

  Sodium transfers electrons to chlorine
• What is the significance of square brackets in ionic compounds?

  They indicate the ions' charges
• What type of forces attract ions in an ionic compound?

  Electrostatic forces
• How strong is an ionic bond compared to a covalent bond?

  Similar in strength
• What is a dot and cross diagram used for?

  To represent ionic bonding
• How are electrons represented in a dot and cross diagram?

  As dots and crosses
• What should you show to indicate electron movement in a diagram?

  Use an arrow
• What is the benefit of drawing only the outermost shell in diagrams?

  It simplifies the drawing process
• How many electrons does magnesium want to lose to become stable?

  Two electrons
• How many outer electrons do the two chlorine atoms have?

  Seven outer electrons each
• What ions are formed from magnesium and chlorine in magnesium chloride?

  Magnesium two plus and two chloride one minus ions
• How are the ions arranged in a dot and cross diagram for magnesium chloride?

  Chlorides are on either side of magnesium
• What is the process of ionic bonding in terms of electron transfer?

  • Sodium loses one electron
  • Chlorine gains one electron
  • Both become stable ions
  • Opposite charges attract to form ionic bond
• How do you draw a dot and cross diagram for ionic compounds?

  1. Represent electrons as dots and crosses
  2. Show electron movement with arrows
  3. Include only outermost shells if instructed
  4. Arrange ions based on their attraction
• What is the focus of today's video?

  Structure and properties of ionic compounds
• What is involved in ionic bonding?

  A metal atom transfers electrons to a non-metal
• What do we call the attraction between oppositely charged ions?

  Electrostatic forces
• How do ionic compounds form in real life?

  They involve many ions arranged in a lattice
• What structure do ionic compounds form?

  Regular lattice structures
• What do the green and red ions represent in the drawing?

  Green for sodium ions, red for chloride ions
• What do ball and stick diagrams represent?

  Different ions and their ionic bonds
• What are two properties of ionic compounds?

  High melting/boiling points and electrical conductivity
• Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

  Strong ionic bonds require lots of energy to break
• When can ionic compounds conduct electricity?

  When melted or dissolved in water
• What allows ionic compounds to conduct electricity when melted?

  Movement of charged ions
• What is the formula for sodium chloride?

  NaCl
• How does magnesium form its ionic charge?

  It loses two electrons to become a 2+ ion
• What is the formula for magnesium chloride?

  MgCl2
• Why are hydroxide and sulfate ions more complicated?

  They aren't single elements and need memorization
• What is the formula for calcium hydroxide?

  Ca(OH)2
• Why do we use brackets in the formula for hydroxide?

  To indicate multiple hydroxide ions are needed
• How do we balance charges in aluminium sulfate?

  By finding the lowest common multiple of charges
• What is the formula for aluminium sulfate?

  Al2(SO4)3
• What is the formula for the nitrate ion?

  NO3-