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ANACHEM LEC FINALS
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Cards (61)
What is another name for an oxidation-reduction reaction?
REDOX REACTION
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What are the significant types of chemical reactions in analytical chemistry?
Precipitation reactions
Acid-base reactions
Complexation reactions
Oxidation-reduction reactions
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What is a precipitation reaction?
Combines soluble species to form an insoluble precipitate
Commonly a
metathesis reaction
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What is the most common precipitation reaction?
A
metathesis
reaction
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What happens when lead nitrate is added to potassium chloride?
A
precipitate
of
lead chloride
forms
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How is a precipitation reaction typically written?
As a
net ionic equation
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When is the Ksp expression valid for PbCl2?
When PbCl2(s) is present and in
equilibrium
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What defines an acid and a base according to Brønsted-Lowry theory?
Acid: Proton donor
Base: Proton acceptor
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In the reaction between acetic acid and ammonia, what role does acetic acid play?
It donates a
proton
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What is the conjugate base of acetic acid?
Acetate
ion
(
CH3COO-
)
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What is the definition of a strong acid?
Almost completely transfers its
proton
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What is the dissociation reaction of hydrochloric acid in water?
HCl
(aq) + H2O(l) →
H3O+
(aq) + Cl-(aq)
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Which acids are considered strong acids in water?
HCl
,
HI
, HBr,
HNO3
,
HClO4
,
H2SO4
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What characterizes a weak acid?
Does not completely donate its proton
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What is the equilibrium expression for acetic acid dissociation?
Ka
= [
CH3COO-
][H3O+]/[
CH3COOH
]
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What does a smaller Ka value indicate about an acid?
It
is
a
weaker
acid
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What is the difference between monoprotic and polyprotic acids?
Monoprotic: One acidic
proton
, one
Ka
Polyprotic: Multiple acidic protons, multiple Kas
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How does HCl behave in methanol?
It does not act as a
strong acid
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Why is water omitted from equilibrium constant expressions?
It is a
pure liquid
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Why is the concentration of water not included in Ka expressions?
It is virtually identical to its
standard state
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What is an amphiprotic species?
Can act as both an
acid
and a
base
Example:
Bicarbonate ion
(HCO3-)
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What is the dissociation reaction of water?
2H2O(l)
⇌ H3O+(aq) + OH-(aq)
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What is the equilibrium constant for water's dissociation?
Kw
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How does the value of Kw change with temperature?
It varies substantially with temperature
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What is the relationship between [H3O+] and [OH-] in a solution?
They are related through
Kw
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What does the pH scale indicate?
Indicates a solution's
acidity
Neutral solution
:
pH = 7
Acidic solution
: pH < 7
Basic solution
: pH > 7
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What is the hydronium ion concentration in a neutral solution?
1.00 x 10^-7
M
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What is the pH of an acidic solution?
Less than
7.00
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What is the pH of a basic solution?
Greater than
7.00
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What is the relationship between weak acids and weak bases?
Strength of weak base is inversely proportional to its
conjugate
weak acid
Example:
Acetic acid
and
acetate
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How can you find Kb for a weak base?
Use
Ka
for its corresponding
weak acid
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What is the equilibrium constant formula for the reaction described?
K =
K1
×
K2
×
JG
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What is the equilibrium constant for the reaction of acetic acid and acetate?
Kw
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What occurs during an oxidation-reduction reaction?
Electrons
move from one
reactant
to another
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What happens to the oxidation state of a reactant that undergoes oxidation?
It
increases
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In the redox reaction between Fe3+ and oxalic acid, what happens to iron?
Iron is
reduced
from +3 to +2
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What are the two half-reactions for the redox reaction involving Fe3+?
Oxidation
and
reduction processes
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What is a reducing agent in a redox reaction?
The reactant that is
oxidized
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In the example reaction, which species is the oxidizing agent?
Fe3+
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What is the conjugate reducing agent of Fe3+?
Fe2+
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