ANACHEM LEC FINALS

• What is another name for an oxidation-reduction reaction?

  REDOX REACTION
• What are the significant types of chemical reactions in analytical chemistry?

  • Precipitation reactions
  • Acid-base reactions
  • Complexation reactions
  • Oxidation-reduction reactions
• What is a precipitation reaction?

  • Combines soluble species to form an insoluble precipitate
  • Commonly a metathesis reaction
• What is the most common precipitation reaction?

  A metathesis reaction
• What happens when lead nitrate is added to potassium chloride?

  A precipitate of lead chloride forms
• How is a precipitation reaction typically written?

  As a net ionic equation
• When is the Ksp expression valid for PbCl2?

  When PbCl2(s) is present and in equilibrium
• What defines an acid and a base according to Brønsted-Lowry theory?

  • Acid: Proton donor
  • Base: Proton acceptor
• In the reaction between acetic acid and ammonia, what role does acetic acid play?

  It donates a proton
• What is the conjugate base of acetic acid?

  Acetate ion (CH3COO-)
• What is the definition of a strong acid?

  Almost completely transfers its proton
• What is the dissociation reaction of hydrochloric acid in water?

  HCl(aq) + H2O(l) → H3O+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
• Which acids are considered strong acids in water?

  HCl, HI, HBr, HNO3, HClO4, H2SO4
• What characterizes a weak acid?

  Does not completely donate its proton
• What is the equilibrium expression for acetic acid dissociation?

  Ka = [CH3COO-][H3O+]/[CH3COOH]
• What does a smaller Ka value indicate about an acid?

  It is a weaker acid
• What is the difference between monoprotic and polyprotic acids?

  • Monoprotic: One acidic proton, one Ka
  • Polyprotic: Multiple acidic protons, multiple Kas
• How does HCl behave in methanol?

  It does not act as a strong acid
• Why is water omitted from equilibrium constant expressions?

  It is a pure liquid
• Why is the concentration of water not included in Ka expressions?

  It is virtually identical to its standard state
• What is an amphiprotic species?

  • Can act as both an acid and a base
  • Example: Bicarbonate ion (HCO3-)
• What is the dissociation reaction of water?

  2H2O(l) ⇌ H3O+(aq) + OH-(aq)
• What is the equilibrium constant for water's dissociation?

  Kw
• How does the value of Kw change with temperature?

  It varies substantially with temperature
• What is the relationship between [H3O+] and [OH-] in a solution?

  They are related through Kw
• What does the pH scale indicate?

  • Indicates a solution's acidity
  • Neutral solution: pH = 7
  • Acidic solution: pH < 7
  • Basic solution: pH > 7
• What is the hydronium ion concentration in a neutral solution?

  1.00 x 10^-7 M
• What is the pH of an acidic solution?

  Less than 7.00
• What is the pH of a basic solution?

  Greater than 7.00
• What is the relationship between weak acids and weak bases?

  • Strength of weak base is inversely proportional to its conjugate weak acid
  • Example: Acetic acid and acetate
• How can you find Kb for a weak base?

  Use Ka for its corresponding weak acid
• What is the equilibrium constant formula for the reaction described?

  K = K1 × K2 × JG
• What is the equilibrium constant for the reaction of acetic acid and acetate?

  Kw
• What occurs during an oxidation-reduction reaction?

  Electrons move from one reactant to another
• What happens to the oxidation state of a reactant that undergoes oxidation?

  It increases
• In the redox reaction between Fe3+ and oxalic acid, what happens to iron?

  Iron is reduced from +3 to +2
• What are the two half-reactions for the redox reaction involving Fe3+?

  Oxidation and reduction processes
• What is a reducing agent in a redox reaction?

  The reactant that is oxidized
• In the example reaction, which species is the oxidizing agent?

  Fe3+
• What is the conjugate reducing agent of Fe3+?

  Fe2+