ANACHEM LEC FINALS

    Cards (61)

    • What is another name for an oxidation-reduction reaction?
      REDOX REACTION
    • What are the significant types of chemical reactions in analytical chemistry?
      • Precipitation reactions
      • Acid-base reactions
      • Complexation reactions
      • Oxidation-reduction reactions
    • What is a precipitation reaction?
      • Combines soluble species to form an insoluble precipitate
      • Commonly a metathesis reaction
    • What is the most common precipitation reaction?
      A metathesis reaction
    • What happens when lead nitrate is added to potassium chloride?
      A precipitate of lead chloride forms
    • How is a precipitation reaction typically written?
      As a net ionic equation
    • When is the Ksp expression valid for PbCl2?
      When PbCl2(s) is present and in equilibrium
    • What defines an acid and a base according to Brønsted-Lowry theory?
      • Acid: Proton donor
      • Base: Proton acceptor
    • In the reaction between acetic acid and ammonia, what role does acetic acid play?
      It donates a proton
    • What is the conjugate base of acetic acid?
      Acetate ion (CH3COO-)
    • What is the definition of a strong acid?
      Almost completely transfers its proton
    • What is the dissociation reaction of hydrochloric acid in water?
      HCl(aq) + H2O(l) → H3O+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
    • Which acids are considered strong acids in water?
      HCl, HI, HBr, HNO3, HClO4, H2SO4
    • What characterizes a weak acid?
      Does not completely donate its proton
    • What is the equilibrium expression for acetic acid dissociation?
      Ka = [CH3COO-][H3O+]/[CH3COOH]
    • What does a smaller Ka value indicate about an acid?
      It is a weaker acid
    • What is the difference between monoprotic and polyprotic acids?
      • Monoprotic: One acidic proton, one Ka
      • Polyprotic: Multiple acidic protons, multiple Kas
    • How does HCl behave in methanol?
      It does not act as a strong acid
    • Why is water omitted from equilibrium constant expressions?
      It is a pure liquid
    • Why is the concentration of water not included in Ka expressions?
      It is virtually identical to its standard state
    • What is an amphiprotic species?
      • Can act as both an acid and a base
      • Example: Bicarbonate ion (HCO3-)
    • What is the dissociation reaction of water?
      2H2O(l) ⇌ H3O+(aq) + OH-(aq)
    • What is the equilibrium constant for water's dissociation?
      Kw
    • How does the value of Kw change with temperature?
      It varies substantially with temperature
    • What is the relationship between [H3O+] and [OH-] in a solution?
      They are related through Kw
    • What does the pH scale indicate?
      • Indicates a solution's acidity
      • Neutral solution: pH = 7
      • Acidic solution: pH < 7
      • Basic solution: pH > 7
    • What is the hydronium ion concentration in a neutral solution?
      1.00 x 10^-7 M
    • What is the pH of an acidic solution?
      Less than 7.00
    • What is the pH of a basic solution?
      Greater than 7.00
    • What is the relationship between weak acids and weak bases?
      • Strength of weak base is inversely proportional to its conjugate weak acid
      • Example: Acetic acid and acetate
    • How can you find Kb for a weak base?
      Use Ka for its corresponding weak acid
    • What is the equilibrium constant formula for the reaction described?
      K = K1 × K2 × JG
    • What is the equilibrium constant for the reaction of acetic acid and acetate?
      Kw
    • What occurs during an oxidation-reduction reaction?
      Electrons move from one reactant to another
    • What happens to the oxidation state of a reactant that undergoes oxidation?
      It increases
    • In the redox reaction between Fe3+ and oxalic acid, what happens to iron?
      Iron is reduced from +3 to +2
    • What are the two half-reactions for the redox reaction involving Fe3+?
      Oxidation and reduction processes
    • What is a reducing agent in a redox reaction?
      The reactant that is oxidized
    • In the example reaction, which species is the oxidizing agent?
      Fe3+
    • What is the conjugate reducing agent of Fe3+?
      Fe2+