fertilisation

• what is meant by capacition

  This is a process where there is a change in the membrane covering the acrosomes takes place
• what will happen to the acrosomes during capacition

  cholesterol and glycoproteins are removed
• what will happen to the acrosome membrane during capacition

  it will increase the permeability of the acrosome membrane to calcium ions and improves sperm motility
• when the spermatozoa reaches secondary oocyte what will they push there way through

  the cells of the corona radiata
• what happens when the spermatozoa reaches the zona pellucida

  the acrosome membrane ruptures
• what is released from the acrosome membrane when it ruptures

  hydrolase enzymes
• what will hydrolase enzymes do to the zona pellucida


  they will digest a path through the zona pellucida
• what happens after the spermatozoa has passed through the zona pellucida

  the membranes of the sperm and secondary oocyte will fuse
• what happens when the membranes of the sperm and the secondary oocyte fuse

  the genetic material of the sperm enters the secondary oocyte
• what will happen once the sperm has successfully penetrated the secondary oocyte

  the oocyte smooth endoplasmic reticulum releases calcium ions into the cytoplasm
• what will the release of calcium ions do

  it will cause the cortical granules fuse with the cell membrane
• what happens when the cortical granules fuse with the cell membrane

  it will release their contents of to modify the zona pellucida
• how will the zona pellucida be modified when they are affected by calcium ions

  the zona pellucida will harden to form the fertilisation membrane
• what is the function of a fertilisation membrane

  this prevents other sperm from being able to penetrate the egg
• what does the entry of the sperm into the secondary oocyte trigger , and what will it form

  meiosis 11 , which will form the ovum and a polar body
• what is formed when nuclei of the sperm and ovum combine

  a zygotic nucleus
• what is a name of a fertilised ovum

  a diploid zygote
• what is the cortica reaction

  this is a reaction that hardens the cell membrane so that no more sperms can get in
• when does the cortical reaction take place

  in the final stage of fertilisation
• what is meant by polyspermy

  this is when more then one sperm enters an egg
• why is it important that cortical reaction takes place so that polyspermy doesn't

  the oocyte could receive to many chromosomes resulting in an unviable zygote