Renaissance

• Tech in the Renaissance-

  • mass production of books from the printing press
  • new inventions
  • progression from hand written books in medieval
• Science in the Renaissance-

  • Galens theories were displaced by Vesalius
  • Anatomical theories developed
  • Science became more influential
• Religion in the Renaissance-

  • Europeans turn away from Catholicism
  • Chruch has less influence
• William Harvey-

  Born: 1578

  Died: 1657

  Wrote: On the motion of the heart

  Was limited by: Laws on dissection, Galen's theories still believed, Didn't understand the difference between veins and arteries

  Achievements- Theory that blood was moved constantly by the heart, discovered blood groups and circulation

  Importance- Theories helped with surgery and medicine
• Ambroise Pare-

  Born: 1510 Died: 1590

  Job: French army surgeon

  Wrote: Works on surgery, Antomy Universelle

  Limits: Guns were hard to understand as they were new, no variation of expertise

  Achievements: Found less painful way to treat wounds, turpentine ointment, ligatures

  Importance: finally moved away from cauterisation
• Andreas Versalius-

  Born: 1514 Died: 1564

  Job: Profesor of surgery at the University of Padua

  Wrote: Fabric of the human body

  Limits: People didn't believe him, dissection was still limited, and his book was banned by Henry VIII

  Achievements: Disproved Galen, Graduated from the university of Paris, and wrote The fabric of the human body in 1543, which led to huge achievements in surgery and medicine.
• Renaissance medicine, blood transfusions.

  • First in 1667
  • From lamb to human
  • 15yr old boy recovered from his illness
  • Wouldn't be recommended today due to disease.
• Renaissance medicine, The royal gift of healing-

  • 1680
  • believed the king's touch was healing
  • placebo effect
  • shows development was not a straight line of progression
• The Great Plague (RENAISSANCE)

  Causes- punishment from god, miasma, spread from person to person

  Prevention- herbs/flowers, chew tobacco, posies to nose

  Government Action- Quarantine for 40 days and nights, animals slaughtered, events/crowds banned.

  Cures- blood letting, prayers, wearing magical charms, herbal remedies, popping buboes
• John Hunter-

  Born: 1728

  Significance: mentored Edward Jenner, leading surgeon in the 1780s, was an army surgeon, has a museum
• Hospitals in the Renaissance-

  • funded by charities and private subscriptions from the wealthy
  • were places for training and medical schools
  • there was a hospital boom
  • focused on patient care
  • treatment was not free
• Edward Jenner-

  • realised milkmaids never got smallpox due to previous exposure to cowpox
  • in 1796 he experimented by injecting an 8yr old boy with cowpox
  • if the boy did not react to smallpox 8 weeks later that proved his theory
  • he was correct and tested it 16 times to be sure
  • eventually, parliament funded him £10000
  • attitudes changed and vaccination became very effective leading to herd immunity and more vaccines being created
  • a compulsary vaccine was introduced in 1852
• small pox was eradicated in 1970