ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

• What system works together with the endocrine system?

  Nervous system
• How does the endocrine system send instructions to the body?

  Through chemical signals
• What do hormones attach to in the body?

  Target cells
• Why does the endocrine system have a wider spread than the nervous system?

  It can interact with multiple organs at once
• What is the reaction time of the endocrine system compared to the nervous system?

  Slower reaction time
• How are substances secreted in the endocrine system?

  Directly outside the glands
• What is an example of an exocrine gland?

  Mammary glands
• Which organ has both endocrine and exocrine functions?

  Pancreas
• How do the endocrine and nervous systems work together?

  To achieve homeostasis in the body
• What controls hormone secretion to achieve homeostasis?

  Feedback mechanisms
• What occurs during positive feedback mechanisms?

  Increased amount of hormones are released
• What occurs during negative feedback mechanisms?

  Decreased amount of hormones are released
• Which feedback mechanism occurs more regularly in the body?

  Negative feedback
• What is the pituitary gland often referred to as?

  The master gland
• What does the anterior pituitary do?

  Produces hormones
• What does the posterior pituitary do?

  Holds hormones created by the hypothalamus
• What is the function of Growth Hormone (GH)?

  Growth and development of the body
• When is Growth Hormone mostly produced?

  When the human is asleep
• What condition results from too much Growth Hormone?

  Gigantism
• What condition results from too little Growth Hormone?

  Pituitary Dwarfism
• What does Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) do?

  Instructs the thyroid to produce hormones
• What does Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) do?

  Instructs adrenal glands to produce hormones
• What does Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) instruct?

  Gonads to produce sex cells
• What does Luteinizing Hormone instruct?

  Gonads to produce sex hormones
• What does Prolactin instruct mammary glands to do?

  Produce and secrete milk
• What occurs during positive feedback with Prolactin?

  More prolactin is released after birth
• What does Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) stimulate?

  Kidneys to reabsorb water
• What does Oxytocin stimulate during childbirth?

  Uterine contractions
• What is one of the functions of Oxytocin during motherhood?

  Stimulates milk secretion
• Where is the thyroid gland located?

  Just below the larynx
• What is the primary function of the thyroid gland?

  Regulating metabolism
• What does hypersecretion of Thyroxine (T4) result in?

  Hyperthyroidism
• What are symptoms of hyperthyroidism?

  Constant hunger and severe weight loss
• What does hyposecretion of Thyroxine (T4) result in?

  Hypothyroidism
• What are symptoms of hypothyroidism?

  Constant weight gain despite normal eating
• What must Thyroxine (T4) be converted into for use?

  Triiodothyronine (T3)
• What is the function of Triiodothyronine (T3)?

  More active form of T4
• What does Calcitonin do?

  Lowers blood calcium levels
• Where are the parathyroid glands located?

  Behind the thyroid
• What does Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) do?

  Increases blood calcium levels