crime prevention and control

• What are the approaches to crime prevention mentioned?

  Situational, Environmental, Social & Community
• What is the main focus of Situational Crime Prevention (SCP)?

  Reducing opportunities for crime
• What does target hardening in SCP involve?

  Locking doors and security measures
• What theory underlies Situational Crime Prevention?

  Rational Choice Theory
• What is a potential drawback of SCP measures?

  They may displace crime to other areas
• What do Wilson and Kelling associate with 'broken windows'?

  Signs of disorder signal neglect
• What is the proposed solution to combat neighborhood decline according to Wilson and Kelling?

  Implementing zero tolerance policing
• What do supporters claim about New York's policies in the 1990s?

  They led to a significant fall in crime
• What do social and community crime prevention strategies focus on?

  Addressing social conditions leading to crime
• How can full employment policies impact crime rates?

  They may reduce crime indirectly
• What was the focus of the Perry school project?

  Intellectual enrichment for disadvantaged children
• What did the longitudinal study of the Perry school project reveal?

  Fewer arrests for violent and property crimes
• What is the goal of longer-term crime prevention strategies?

  Tackling root causes of offending
• What does surveillance involve?

  Monitoring behavior for control purposes
• How is surveillance conducted in late modern society?

  Using C.C.T.V to gather data
• What are the two forms of power described by Foucault?

  Sovereign power and disciplinary power
• What is the panopticon designed to achieve?

  Self-surveillance among prisoners
• How does Foucault relate the panopticon to other institutions?

  They follow a similar pattern of control
• What does Mathiesen's 'Synopticon' refer to?

  Everyone watching everyone else
• What does McCahill argue about surveillance hierarchies?

  They are not reversed by public scrutiny
• What do Haggerty and Ericson say about surveillance technology?

  It manipulates digital data, not bodies
• What is actuarial justice according to Feeley and Simon?

  A new form of surveillance using risk analysis
• How does actuarial justice profile individuals?

  Using known offender risk factors
• What is the purpose of social sorting according to Lyon?

  To categorize people by risk levels
• How does profiling relate to police targeting certain groups?

  It leads to more arrests of those groups
• What did Norris and Armstrong find about CCTV operators?

  They target young black males based on stereotypes
• What is the result of the self-fulfilling prophecy in crime?

  Increased criminalization of targeted groups
• What is social control in the context of crime prevention?

  The capacity of society to regulate behavior
• What is opportunistic petty street crime?

  Minor crimes committed impulsively
• Why might SCP not address white collar crime?

  It focuses on specific crimes and opportunities
• How does community play a role in social control?

  Community involvement can deter crime
• What is the environmental improvement strategy proposed by Wilson and Kelling?

  Addressing signs of disorder to prevent crime
• What does zero tolerance policing entail?

  Strict enforcement against minor offenses
• What methodology was used in the Perry school project?

  Longitudinal study following participants
• What are surveillant assemblages?

  Combining different technologies for surveillance
• How does actuarial justice impact social inequality?

  It can reinforce existing biases in profiling
• What is the relationship between labeling theory and surveillance?


  Labeling can lead to increased surveillance of groups