globalisation and crime

• What does the term globalisation refer to?

  Increasing connectedness of societies
• What does Held et al. suggest about crime?


  There is a globalisation of crime
• What is the estimated worth of the global criminal economy according to Castells (1998)?


  £1 trillion a year
• What are some forms of transnational organized crime?

  Trafficking, smuggling, cybercrime, terrorism
• What is the estimated worth of the drugs trade at street prices?

  £300 - £400 billion a year
• How much is money laundering from organized crime worth annually?

  £1.5 trillion a year
• What drives the demand and supply sides of the global drugs trade?

  Demand in the West, supply from Third World countries
• What new insecurities does global crime create?

  Risk consciousness seen as global
• What has intensified due to global crime in western countries?

  Social control at a national level
• How has the UK responded to growing anxiety from migrants?

  Tightened border control regulations
• What does Taylor argue about globalisation and inequality?


  It has led to greater inequality
• How do transnational corporations benefit from globalisation?

  By switching manufacturing to developing countries
• What are the consequences of deregulation according to the study material?

  Less government control and rising crime
• How does insecurity among the poor relate to crime?

  Encourages turning to crime like drug trade
• What opportunities does globalisation create for the elite?

  Large scale criminal opportunities
• What is a characteristic of 'glocal' organisations?

  Linking local and global activities
• How did Hobbs and Dunningham describe modern crime organisation?


  As a loose-knot network with local bases
• What did Glenny (2008) study regarding McMafia organisations?


  Emergence in Russia and Eastern Europe
• What economic changes occurred in Russia after communism?

  Deregulation led to rising prices
• How did oligarchs protect themselves from disorder in Russia?


  By turning to new mafias for protection
• What role did criminal organisations play for the new Russian capitalist class?


  Vital for entry into the world economy
• How do left realists view the impact of global media on crime?

  Encourages individual consumerism, undermining cohesion
• What is a consequence of the materialistic culture promoted by global media?

  Encouragement of crime and individualism