conscience

• What is the focus of the examination in the study material?

  The role of conscience in moral decisions
• What are the psychological approaches to conscience discussed in the material?

  • Freud's Id, Ego, Superego
  • Guilt as an indicator of morality
  • Kohlberg's stages of moral development
• How do Freud's Id, Ego, and Superego interact in forming the psyche?

  They work together based on upbringing and authority
• What does feeling guilt indicate about a person's understanding of lying?

  It shows they know lying is wrong
• What does Kohlberg suggest about the development of conscience?

  It results from upbringing and social interaction
• How should we approach promise-breaking and lying according to the material?

  Focus on how or why the decision was made
• What is Fromm's view on authoritative conscience?

  We should listen to authority figures' guidance
• What does Fromm's humanitarian conscience suggest?

  Trust your gut feeling for human life
• How does Durkheim define collective conscience?

  As society's agreement on acceptable behavior
• What does Durkheim say about the evolution of moral standards?

  We agree on right over time to form societies
• What is the voice of God approach in conscience?

  Conscience as God's guidance in decision-making
• How does Aquinas view conscience?

  As a God-given faculty of reason
• What conflict does Aquinas identify regarding conscience and moral law?

  It conflicts with the principle of ordered society
• What is the synderesis principle according to Aquinas?

  To do good and avoid evil
• What does conscientia refer to in Aquinas' theory?

  The application of conscience to situations
• How does Aquinas explain the concept of invincible ignorance?

  Not knowing a spouse is alive is not a sin
• What are the two types of conscience according to Fromm?

  • Authoritarian conscience: Guilt from societal rejection
  • Humanistic conscience: Overriding norms for moral reasons
• How does contemporary UK view adultery in relation to marriage?

  It is acceptable if married but separated
• What does Durkheim say about the role of belief in God in society?

  It enforces society's moral rules
• What does Freud say about the role of the superego?

  It keeps behavior in check through social rules
• How does Freud relate upbringing to conscience?

  It influences whether adultery is seen as wrong
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of cultural relativism in moral decision-making?

  Strengths:

  • Explains different moral conclusions
  • Allows for diverse principles

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Lacks a clear moral guide
  • Can lead to moral ambiguity
• What does Schleiermacher argue about conscience?

  It is God whispering in your ear
• How does Aquinas' view of conscience differ from Schleiermacher's?

  Aquinas sees it as God-given reason
• What is the conclusion regarding the definition of conscience?

  It cannot be defined or proven to exist
• Why is conscience considered a poor moral guide according to the conclusion?

  Different cultures have varying views on it