A level Chemistry

Cards (508)

  • What are the discrete energy levels around the nucleus called?
    Shells
  • What does the nucleus of an atom contain?
    Protons and neutrons
  • What is the relative charge of a neutron?

    0
  • What is the relative mass of an electron?
    1/1836
  • How is mass number (A) calculated?
    Protons + neutrons
  • What does the atomic number (Z) represent?
    Number of protons
  • What are ions?
    Charged particles from electron loss or gain
  • What distinguishes isotopes of the same element?
    Different number of neutrons
  • What is the charge of a cation?
    Positive
  • How do isotopes of the same element behave chemically?
    They react in the same way
  • What is relative atomic mass (A<sub>r</sub>)?
    Weighted mean mass of an atom
  • What is relative isotopic mass?
    Mass of an isotope relative to ¹²C
  • Does relative isotopic mass have units?
    No, it is a ratio
  • What is relative molecular mass (M<sub>r</sub>)?
    Weighted mean mass of one molecule
  • How do you calculate the relative formula mass of Ca(NO₃)₂?
    40.1 + 2(14.0 + 3 × 16.0)
  • What does mass spectrometry measure?
    Relative isotopic mass and abundance
  • What does the mass/charge ratio in mass spectrometry represent?
    Relative isotopic mass
  • How do you calculate the relative atomic mass of chlorine from its isotopes?
    A = (35 x 75) + (37 x 25) / 100
  • What is the ionic charge of common ions based on periodic table position?
    Dictated by their position
  • What are polyatomic ions?
    Ions containing more than one element
  • What is the formula for carbonate?
    CO₃²⁻
  • What is the formula for nitrate?
    NO₃⁻
  • What is the formula for sulfate?
    SO₄²⁻
  • What must be conserved when writing equations?
    Mass and charge
  • What is the ionic equation for KOH and HCl?
    OH⁻ + H⁺H₂O
  • What are the state symbols used in equations?
    (s), (l), (g), (aq)
  • Write the balanced equation for sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide.
    H₂SO₄ + 2NaOH → Na₂SO₄ + 2H₂O
  • What is the Avogadro constant (N<sub>A</sub>)?
    Number of particles in 12 g of ¹²C
  • How many particles are in one mole?
    6.02 x 10²³
  • What is molar mass?
    Mass of 1 mole of atoms in grams
  • How do you calculate moles from mass and molar mass?
    Moles = mass / molar mass
  • Calculate the number of moles in 70 g of NaCl.
    1.20 mol
  • What does the empirical formula represent?
    Simplest whole number ratio of atoms
  • How is the molecular formula related to the empirical formula?
    Actual number of atoms in a molecule
  • How do you determine the empirical formula from mass of elements?
    Calculate moles and divide by smallest
  • What is the empirical formula of phosphorous oxide with 6.2 g P and 8 g O?
    P₂O₅
  • What is water of crystallisation?

    Water part of solid salt crystal
  • How is water of crystallisation represented in a formula?
    With a large dot
  • What is a hydrated substance?
    Contains water in its structure
  • What is an anhydrous compound?
    Contains no water molecules