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A level Chemistry
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Kyra Payne
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Cards (508)
What are the discrete energy levels around the nucleus called?
Shells
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What does the nucleus of an atom contain?
Protons
and
neutrons
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What is the relative charge of a
neutron
?
0
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What is the relative mass of an electron?
1/1836
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How is mass number (A) calculated?
Protons
+
neutrons
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What does the atomic number (Z) represent?
Number of
protons
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What are ions?
Charged particles from
electron
loss or
gain
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What distinguishes isotopes of the same element?
Different number of
neutrons
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What is the charge of a cation?
Positive
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How do isotopes of the same element behave chemically?
They react in the same way
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What is relative atomic mass (A<sub>r</sub>)?
Weighted
mean
mass
of an
atom
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What is relative isotopic mass?
Mass of an isotope relative to
¹²C
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Does relative isotopic mass have units?
No, it is a
ratio
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What is relative molecular mass (M<sub>r</sub>)?
Weighted mean mass
of one molecule
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How do you calculate the relative formula mass of Ca(NO₃)₂?
40.1 + 2(
14.0
+ 3 ×
16.0
)
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What does mass spectrometry measure?
Relative isotopic mass
and
abundance
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What does the mass/charge ratio in mass spectrometry represent?
Relative isotopic mass
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How do you calculate the relative atomic mass of chlorine from its isotopes?
A = (
35
x
75
) + (
37
x
25
) / 100
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What is the ionic charge of common ions based on periodic table position?
Dictated
by
their
position
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What are polyatomic ions?
Ions containing more than one
element
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What is the formula for carbonate?
CO₃²⁻
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What is the formula for nitrate?
NO₃⁻
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What is the formula for sulfate?
SO₄²⁻
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What must be conserved when writing equations?
Mass
and
charge
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What is the ionic equation for KOH and HCl?
OH⁻
+
H⁺
→
H₂O
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What are the state symbols used in equations?
(s)
,
(l)
,
(g)
,
(aq)
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Write the balanced equation for sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide.
H₂SO₄
+ 2NaOH →
Na₂SO₄
+
2H₂O
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What is the Avogadro constant (N<sub>A</sub>)?
Number of particles in 12 g of
¹²C
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How many particles are in one mole?
6.02 x 10²³
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What is molar mass?
Mass
of
1
mole
of atoms in
grams
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How do you calculate moles from mass and molar mass?
Moles =
mass
/
molar
mass
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Calculate the number of moles in 70 g of NaCl.
1.20
mol
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What does the empirical formula represent?
Simplest
whole number
ratio
of atoms
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How is the molecular formula related to the empirical formula?
Actual
number of
atoms
in a molecule
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How do you determine the empirical formula from mass of elements?
Calculate
moles
and divide by
smallest
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What is the empirical formula of phosphorous oxide with 6.2 g P and 8 g O?
P₂O₅
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What is
water
of
crystallisation
?
Water part of solid salt crystal
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How is water of crystallisation represented in a formula?
With
a large dot
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What is a hydrated substance?
Contains
water
in its structure
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What is an anhydrous compound?
Contains no
water molecules
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