Muscular system

• What type of muscle is found only in the heart?

  Cardiac muscle
• What is a characteristic of smooth muscle?

  It is involuntary and found in vessels
• What type of muscle is voluntary and moves limbs?

  Skeletal muscle
• What happens to skeletal muscle during contraction?

  It pulls bones via contraction
• What initiates an action potential in muscle contraction?

  Nerves send impulse from the brain
• Where does the signal travel after the neuromuscular junction?

  It travels down the fibre
• What theory explains how muscle fibers move?

  Sliding filament theory
• What is the basic unit of muscle contraction?

  Sarcomere
• What is the role of the agonist muscle?

  It is the muscle under action
• What does the antagonist muscle do?

  It opposes the speed or action
• What is the function of a fixator muscle?

  It anchors the position
• What is the epimysium?

  Layer holding the whole muscle
• What does the perimysium do?

  It holds muscle fibres together
• What is the endomysium?

  Layer that holds each fibre
• What is a myofibril?

  Thinner section than a fibre
• What do sensory neurons do in muscle contraction?

  Send signals to the CNS
• What is the role of motor neurons?

  Send signals to the muscle
• What remains the same width during sarcomere contraction?

  A Band
• What shrinks during sarcomere contraction?

  I Band
• What type of filament is actin?

  Thin filament
• What type of filament is myosin?

  Thick filament
• What characterizes Type I muscle fibers?

  Slow twitch, long duration, marathon
• What are the characteristics of Type IIa muscle fibers?

  Medium force, powerful speed, aerobic
• What defines Type IIx muscle fibers?

  Fast twitch, powerful speed, anaerobic
• What happens during excitation-contraction coupling?

  Motor neuron releases Ca from reticulum
• What does Ca+2 bind to during contraction?

  Troponin
• What is the result of ATP hydrolysis in muscle contraction?

  ADP + action process begins
• What are the types of muscle contraction?

  Isometric, concentric, eccentric
• What occurs during isometric contraction?

  No length change, tension remains
• What happens during concentric contraction?

  Muscle shortens under tension
• What occurs during eccentric contraction?

  Muscle lengthens under tension
• What are the major muscles in the upper body?

  • Pectoralis
  • Deltoids
  • Biceps
  • Triceps
  • Latissimus
  • Rhomboids
  • Trapezius
  • Infraspinatus
  • Subscapularis
  • Teres major
  • Teres minor
  • Serratus anterior
• What are the major muscles in the lower body?

  • Gluteus maximus
  • Gluteus medius
  • Gluteus minimus
  • Iliacus
  • Psoas
  • Quadriceps
  • Hamstrings
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Soleus
  • Tibialis anterior
  • Tibialis posterior
  • Peroneus longus
  • Peroneus brevis
  • Peroneus tertius
  • Extensor hallucis longus
  • Flexor hallucis longus
• What is the role of synergist muscles?

  Assist the agonist in action
• What is the function of fixators or stabilizers?

  Stabilize the position during movement
• What does HUAWEI refer to in muscle anatomy?

  It is not defined in the material