Section 1: Cell structure

Created by

Anosh Eric

Cards (42)

what type of cell are plant and animal cells?
Eukaryotic
What is a description of the nucleus?
A large organelle surrounded by a nuclear envelope which contains many pores. The nucleus contains chromatin and often a structure called the nucleolus
What is the function of the Nucleus?
The nucleus controls the cell's activities.
What does DNA do?
It provides instructions to make proteins
What do the pores on the nuclear envelope of the nucleus do?
They allow substances to move between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
What does the nucleolus do?
It makes ribosomes
What is a description of the lysosome?
A round organelle surrounded by a membrane without a clear internal structure.
What is the function of the lysosome?
The lysosome contains digestive enzymes used to digest invading cells or to break down worn out components of the cell.
Why does the lysosome have a membrane?
To prevent the digestive enzymes from breaking down the organelles of the cell.
What is a description of the ribosome?
A very small organelle that either floats free in the cytoplasm or is attached to the rough endoplastic reticulum. It is made up of protein and ribosomal RNA. There is no membrane to surround the ribosome.
What is the purpose of the ribosome?
Ribosomes are the site where proteins are made.
What is a description of the rough endoplastic reticulum?
A system of membranes enclosing a fluid-filled space. The surface is covered by ribosomes.
What is the function of the rough endoplastic reticulum?
The rough endoplastic reticulum folds and processes proteins that've been made at the ribosomes.
what is the purpose of the smooth endoplastic reticulum?
A system of membranes enclosing a fluid filled space. However, there is no ribosomes on the surface.
What is the purpose of the smooth endoplastic reticulum?
To synthesise and process lipids.
what is a description of a vesicle?
A small fluid filled sac in the cytoplasm that is surrounded by a membrane.
What is the purpose of the vesicle?
Vesicles transport substances in and out of the cell.
How do vesicles transport substances in and out of the cell?
They transport the substance through the plasma membrane of the cell.
What organelles form vesicles?
Golgi apparatus
Endoplastic Reticulum
Cell surface
what is a description of the chloroplast?
A small flattened structure that is found in plant cells. Chloroplasts are surrounded by a double membrane, and also have membranes inside called thylakoid membranes. Thylakoid membranes are stacked up in some parts of the chloroplast to form grana. Grana are linked by lamellae which are thin, flat pieces of thylakoid membrane.
What is the purpose of chloroplasts?
Chloroplasts are the site where photosynthesis takes place. Some parts of photosynthesis happen in the grana and others in the stroma.
What is a description of the centriole?
Small hollow cylinders made of microtubules. Centrioles are found in animal cells and in some plant cells.
What is the function of the centriole?
Centrioles are involved in the separation of chromosomes during cell division.
What is a description of cillia?
Small hair-like structures found on the surface membrane of some animal cells.
WHat is a description of the cross section of a cillia?
They have an outer membrane and a ring of nine pairs of microtubules with a single pair of microtubules in the centre
What is the purpose of the cilia?
The microtubules allow the cllia to move. This movement is used by the cell to move substances along the cell's surface.
What is the description of flagella?
On eukaryotic cells, they are like longer cillia. They are projections that stick out from the cell's surface and are surrounded by the plasma membrane.
How are flagella similar to the cillia?
Inside of both, there are two microtubules in the centre and around the edges there are nine pairs.
What is the function of the flagella?
The microtubules contract to make the flagellum move. Flagella are used to like motors to propel the cell forward.
What organelles are required to make proteins?
Nucleus, ribosomes, golgi apparatus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, vesicles.
What is the cytoskeleton?
A network of protein filaments that provides structural support and helps with cell movement.
What is the name of protein filaments in cell membranes?
Microfilaments and microtubules
how big are prokarytoic cells typically?
Less than 2 micro meters in diameter
how big are eukaryotic cells typically?
Between 10 and 100 micrometers in diameters
What is the structure of DNA in prokaryotic cells?
DNA is circular
What is the structure of DNA in eukaryotic cells?
DNA is linear
What is the cell wall made of in prokaryotic cells?
Cell walls are made of polysaccharides but not cellulose and/or chitin.
What is the cell wall made of in fungi?
Chitin
What is the cell wall made of in plants cells?
Cellulose]
Do prokaryotic cells have any cell membrane-bound organelles?
No