Organic synthesis

Created by

Lily Pho

Cards (27)

Alkene -> Poly(alkene) 
High Pressure catalysts
Alkene -> Dihalogenoalkane  
Br2, Cl2,
room temp
electrophilic addition
Dihalogenoalkane -> Diol 
KOH
heat under reflux
Nucluophilic substitution
Alkene -> Alcohol
H2SO4 - electrophilic addition
H2O warm, hydration
Alcohol -> alkene
conc H2SO or conc H3PO4
elimination
dehydration
Alkene -> halogenoalkane
HBr, HCl
room temp
Electrophilic addition
halogenoalkane -> alkene
KOH, alcoholic
heat under reflux
Elimination
Alkane -> halogenoalkane
Cl2, Br2
UV light
free radical substitution
Halogenalkane -> alcohol
KOH aqueous
heat under reflux
nucleophilic substition
Alcohol -> aldehyde
K2Cr2O7
heat and distil
Partial oxidation
alcohol -> ketone
K2Cr2O7
heat under reflux
full oxidation
Aldehyde -> alcohol
NaBH4
nucleophillic addition
Ketone -> alcohol
NaBH4
nucleophillic addition
Halogenoalkane -> Nitrile
KCN in ethanol/water, mixture heat under reflux
nucleophillic substitution
Halogenoalkane -> 1' amine
excess amine
heat under pressure
nucleophilic substitution
Nitrile -> 1' amine
LiAlH4 in ether, reduction
1' amine -> 2', 3' amine, quaternary salt
R - excess halogenoalkane
M - nucleophilic substitution
halogenoalkane -> secondary amine
1' amine
room temp
nucleophilic substitution
Alcohol -> esters
carboxylic acid + H2SO4
heat
Esterification
Aldehyde -> hydroxynitril
KCN + H2SO4
nucleophilic addition
Ketone -> hydroxynitrile
KCN + H2SO4
Nucleophilic addition
Aldehyde -> carboxylic acid
K2Cr2O7/ H+
heat under reflux + excess oxidising agent
Oxidation
Carboxylic -> Ester
Alcohol + H2SO4
Heat
esterification
Acyl chloride -> carboxylic acid
H2O room temp
Nucleophilic addition/ elimination
Acyl chloride -> ester
Alcohol
room temp
Nucleophilic addition/ elimination
Acyl chloride -> primary amine
NH3, room temp
nucleophilic addition/ elimination
Acyl chloride -> secondary amine
1' amine
room temp
nucleophilic addition/ elimination