week 7

• Who is the instructor for the BMS2085 course?

  1. Marine Petit
• What is the main focus of Dr. Marine Petit's research?

  Studying Tick-borne viral diseases
• What are the main topics covered in the Virology course?

  • Introduction to Virology
  • Virus structure and classification
  • Clinical Virology and diagnostics
  • Virology practical
  • Infectious cycle of virus replication mechanisms
  • Gastroenteritis viruses
  • Respiratory viruses
  • Zoonotic viruses
• What is a virus defined as?

  An obligate intracellular parasite
• What does the genetic material of a virus comprise?

  DNA or RNA
• What surrounds the genetic material of a virus?

  A protein coat called capsid
• What is the function of the viral envelope?

  Helps the virus bind to host cells
• What is the role of surface proteins on a virus?

  Help the virus recognize and bind to cells
• What are the three forms of capsid structure?

  Helical, Icosahedral, Scaffolded icosahedral
• What is the main role of the capsid?

  To protect the viral genomic material
• What is the difference between enveloped and non-enveloped viruses?

  Enveloped viruses are less resistant to environmental constraints
• What is a complete virus particle called?

  A virion
• What is the Baltimore classification system based on?

  Method of mRNA synthesis
• How are viruses named?

  After the disease they cause or the organism they infect
• What is the significance of knowing virus structure?

  Helps in creating treatments and vaccines
• What is a susceptible cell?

  A cell with a functional receptor for a virus
• What is the viral life cycle's first stage?

  Attachment to cells
• What are the stages of the viral life cycle?

  1. Attachment to cells
  2. Entry and uncoating
  3. mRNA synthesis
  4. Translation using host ribosomes
  5. Assembly
  6. Egress (exit)
• What does viral pathogenesis refer to?

  The process by which a virus causes disease
• How can viral virulence be quantified?

  By measuring virus titer and time to death
• What factors influence viral virulence?

  Host species, age, and route of infection
• What is the average life expectancy in sub-Saharan Africa due to AIDS?

  Less than 40 years
• What is the economic impact of viral diseases like Ebola?

  Reduced trade and increased unemployment
• Why is it important to look for new viruses?

  To understand causes of human disease and pandemic potential
• What is the significance of HeLa cells in virology?

  They were used to grow poliovirus
• What is the cytopathic effect (CPE)?

  Changes in host cells due to viral infection
• Who developed the plaque assay for animal viruses?

  Renato Dulbecco
• What are the key points to remember in virology?

  • Understand virus classification
  • Learn key definitions of viruses
  • Understand the viral life cycle steps
  • Appreciate the burden of viral disease
  • Know that viruses are obligate intracellular parasites
• What is the role of organoids in virology research?

  To study human intestinal infections
• What is the importance of the ICTV in virology?

  Responsible for virus classification
• What is the significance of endogenous viruses in human DNA?

  5-8% of our DNA is viral genetic material
• What is the relationship between viruses and bacteria?

  Viruses outnumber bacteria 10:1
• What is the role of the immune response in viral diseases?

  Many symptoms are caused by the immune response
• What is the impact of viral diseases on agriculture?

  Plant viruses cause significant crop losses
• What is the significance of studying viral evolution?

  Helps understand ancient histories of viruses
• What is the role of cryoEM in virology?

  Used to study viral capsids
• What is the importance of knowing what kills viruses?

  Helps in developing effective treatments
• What is the role of peplomers in viruses?

  Proteins on the envelope of the virus
• What is the significance of the viral genome?

  Contains instructions for making new virus copies
• What is the role of the capsomers?

  Clusters of proteins that compose the capsid