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AP World History
Unit 5 Revolution
5.3 Industrial Rev
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Cards (52)
What major change did new technologies bring to societies?
They
reshaped societies
and
economies
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What is the term used to describe the dramatic societal changes due to industrialization?
Industrial Revolution
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Who described the rigid structure of early factory work?
Adam Smith
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What does industrialization refer to?
Increased
mechanization
of production
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What were some influences that led to industrialization?
Columbian Exchange
,
maritime trading empires
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How did the Industrial Revolution affect population distribution?
It shifted people from
farm
to
city
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What agricultural advancements occurred before the Industrial Revolution?
Crop rotation
and
seed drill
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How did the introduction of the potato impact society?
It contributed more
calories
to diets
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What demographic changes occurred due to improved medical care during the Industrial Revolution?
Infant mortality rates
declined
, people lived
longer
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What was the primary occupation of most British families in the early 18th century?
They lived in rural areas and
farmed
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What material became high in demand in Britain due to the commercial revolution?
Indian
cotton
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What system did Britain develop to compete with Indian cotton?
Cotton cloth industry
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What was the cottage industry system also known as?
Putting-out system
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What was a disadvantage of home spinning in the cottage industry?
Pay
was low and
production
was slow
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What inventions reduced the time needed to spin yarn and weave cloth?
Spinning
jenny
and
water
frame
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Who invented the spinning jenny?
James Hargreaves
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What was the primary power source for the water frame?
Waterpower
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How did the water frame affect the cottage industry?
It moved
textile production
to
factories
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What system did Eli Whitney create in 1798?
Interchangeable parts system
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What was a key benefit of interchangeable parts in manufacturing?
Easy replacement of
broken
components
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How did interchangeable parts contribute to the division of labor?
Allowed
specialization
of tasks among workers
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Who expanded the concept of division of labor in the early 20th century?
Henry Ford
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What was a significant geographic advantage of Britain for industrialization?
Location on the
Atlantic Ocean
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Why was coal vital to industrialization?
It powered the
steam engine
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What major industry developed in northern and western Britain?
Coal mining
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What resources did Britain access from its colonies?
Timber
for ships
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How did the legal protection of private property aid industrialization?
Assured
entrepreneurs
their businesses wouldn't be taken
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What demographic change resulted from increased agricultural production?
Supported a
larger
population
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What was the impact of the enclosure movement on rural populations?
Forced small farmers to migrate to
cities
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What are the key terms associated with technology during the Industrial Revolution?
Spinning jenny
Water frame
Factory system
Agricultural revolution
Crop rotation
Seed drill
Interchangeable parts
Division of labor
Specialization of labor
Assembly line
Enclosure movement
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What are the key terms associated with the economy during the Industrial Revolution?
Manufacturing
Industrial Revolution
Industrialization
Cottage industry
Capital
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What are the key terms associated with the environment in Britain during the Industrial Revolution?
Seaways
Raw materials
Major cities:
Manchester
,
Liverpool
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What natural resource was Britain located atop that was vital to industrialization?
Coal deposits
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Why was coal important for industrialization?
It powered the
steam engine
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What process was coal essential for in iron production?
Separating iron from its
ore
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What industries became major in northern and western Britain?
Coal mining
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Which regions in the United States developed coal-mining areas during industrialization?
West Virginia
,
Pennsylvania
,
Kentucky
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What resources did Britain access from its colonies?
Timber
for ships
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How did the trans-Atlantic slave trade contribute to British industrialization?
It accumulated wealth for British
capitalists
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What is excess capital?
Money
available
to invest in businesses
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