5.3 Industrial Rev

Cards (52)

  • What major change did new technologies bring to societies?
    They reshaped societies and economies
  • What is the term used to describe the dramatic societal changes due to industrialization?
    Industrial Revolution
  • Who described the rigid structure of early factory work?
    Adam Smith
  • What does industrialization refer to?
    Increased mechanization of production
  • What were some influences that led to industrialization?
    Columbian Exchange, maritime trading empires
  • How did the Industrial Revolution affect population distribution?
    It shifted people from farm to city
  • What agricultural advancements occurred before the Industrial Revolution?
    Crop rotation and seed drill
  • How did the introduction of the potato impact society?
    It contributed more calories to diets
  • What demographic changes occurred due to improved medical care during the Industrial Revolution?
    Infant mortality rates declined, people lived longer
  • What was the primary occupation of most British families in the early 18th century?
    They lived in rural areas and farmed
  • What material became high in demand in Britain due to the commercial revolution?
    Indian cotton
  • What system did Britain develop to compete with Indian cotton?
    Cotton cloth industry
  • What was the cottage industry system also known as?
    Putting-out system
  • What was a disadvantage of home spinning in the cottage industry?
    Pay was low and production was slow
  • What inventions reduced the time needed to spin yarn and weave cloth?
    Spinning jenny and water frame
  • Who invented the spinning jenny?
    James Hargreaves
  • What was the primary power source for the water frame?
    Waterpower
  • How did the water frame affect the cottage industry?
    It moved textile production to factories
  • What system did Eli Whitney create in 1798?
    Interchangeable parts system
  • What was a key benefit of interchangeable parts in manufacturing?
    Easy replacement of broken components
  • How did interchangeable parts contribute to the division of labor?
    Allowed specialization of tasks among workers
  • Who expanded the concept of division of labor in the early 20th century?
    Henry Ford
  • What was a significant geographic advantage of Britain for industrialization?
    Location on the Atlantic Ocean
  • Why was coal vital to industrialization?
    It powered the steam engine
  • What major industry developed in northern and western Britain?
    Coal mining
  • What resources did Britain access from its colonies?
    Timber for ships
  • How did the legal protection of private property aid industrialization?
    Assured entrepreneurs their businesses wouldn't be taken
  • What demographic change resulted from increased agricultural production?
    Supported a larger population
  • What was the impact of the enclosure movement on rural populations?
    Forced small farmers to migrate to cities
  • What are the key terms associated with technology during the Industrial Revolution?
    • Spinning jenny
    • Water frame
    • Factory system
    • Agricultural revolution
    • Crop rotation
    • Seed drill
    • Interchangeable parts
    • Division of labor
    • Specialization of labor
    • Assembly line
    • Enclosure movement
  • What are the key terms associated with the economy during the Industrial Revolution?
    • Manufacturing
    • Industrial Revolution
    • Industrialization
    • Cottage industry
    • Capital
  • What are the key terms associated with the environment in Britain during the Industrial Revolution?
    • Seaways
    • Raw materials
    • Major cities: Manchester, Liverpool
  • What natural resource was Britain located atop that was vital to industrialization?
    Coal deposits
  • Why was coal important for industrialization?
    It powered the steam engine
  • What process was coal essential for in iron production?
    Separating iron from its ore
  • What industries became major in northern and western Britain?
    Coal mining
  • Which regions in the United States developed coal-mining areas during industrialization?
    West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Kentucky
  • What resources did Britain access from its colonies?
    Timber for ships
  • How did the trans-Atlantic slave trade contribute to British industrialization?
    It accumulated wealth for British capitalists
  • What is excess capital?
    Money available to invest in businesses