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Biology
2 - cells and viruses
Prokaryotic cells
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Created by
Holly wilkins
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Cards (23)
What is the lytic cycle of a virus?
Virus injects
DNA
, host cell
bursts
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What is the lysogenic cycle of a virus?
Virus
integrates
DNA into
host DNA
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What type of nucleic acid do DNA viruses use?
DNA
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What type of nucleic acid do RNA viruses use?
RNA
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How do viruses enter host cells?
Through
endocytosis
or
direct injection
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What are the main differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic:
membrane-bound organelles
,
nucleus
Prokaryotic: no membrane-bound organelles, no nucleus
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What are the differences between the lytic and lysogenic cycles of viruses?
Lytic cycle: virus destroys host cell after replication
Lysogenic cycle: virus integrates into host DNA and
replicates
with it
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What are the characteristics of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria?
Gram-positive: thick
peptidoglycan
layer, retains
crystal violet
Gram-negative: thin peptidoglycan layer, has outer membrane, retains
safranin
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How do viruses invade cells?
By binding to
receptors
on cells
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Why can't viruses be killed by antibiotics?
They
replicate
inside
host cells
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What does the acronym Mrs Gren stand for?
Movement
,
respiration
, sensitivity, growth,
reproduction
,
excretion
, nutrition
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What happens during endocytosis in viral infections?
Viruses
are taken into the cell
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How does the lytic cycle differ from the lysogenic cycle in viruses?
Lytic cycle
destroys
the host cell,
lysogenic
does not
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What is a DNA virus?
A virus that uses DNA as its
genetic
material
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What type of nucleic acid does HIV contain?
Single-stranded
RNA
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What is the role of the protein coat in a virus?
Protects the
viral
genetic material
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What occurs during the lytic cycle of a virus?
The virus injects its
genetic material
into the
host
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What is the significance of the lysogenic cycle in viral infections?
It allows the virus to remain dormant in the
host
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How do viruses typically infect plant cells?
Through
vectors
like insects
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What is the process of developing new medicines for viral infections?
It involves multiple
phases
and testing
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What are the phases of drug development for viral infections?
Early research,
preclinical
, clinical, regulatory testing
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What is the purpose of vaccines in controlling viral infections?
To provide some
protection
against
viruses
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What is the role of hand washing in disease control?
It prevents the
transmission
of
infections
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