General (Fast Way)

• Antibiotics


  • treat infections
  • reduce of invading bacteria
  • type of action: bacteriostatic/ bacteriocidal
  • spectrum: narrow and broad
• Inhibit Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis (Antibiotic)

  • Bera Lactam
• Inhibition protein synthesis (Antibiotic)

  • Macoolides
• Inhibition of the nucleic Acid Synthesis (Antibiotic)

  inhibition of RNA Polymerase
• Alteration of cell permeability (Antibiotic)


  • Cell death
  • Bactericidal against (-) gram bacteria
• Folic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors (Antibiotic)

  Sulfonamides
• Drug Resistance (Antibiotic)


  1. Uptake of drug increases
  2. Carried on plasmid
  3. Bacterium to another during conjugation
  4. Due enzymes that degrade antibiotics
• Insulin


  promote storage of glucose
• Types of insulin


  1. Rapid Acting
  2. Short Acting
  3. NDH Insulin (Isophane insulin, Intermediate-acting insulin)
  4. Long Acting insulin
• OHA Hypiglycemic Agents


  1. Sulfonylureas - increases insulin (Avoid consuming alcohol)
  2. Biguanides- Hepatic production of glucose decreases
  3. Alpha Glucosidase inhibitor- inhibits alpha glucodase
  4. Thiazolidinediones- decreases insulin resistance
  5. Meglitidines- Beat cell turns into release of insulin
• Diuretics


  • Water pill
  • increases urine output
• Loop diuretics


  • Na/K chloride co-transporter
• Thiazide Diuretics


  • doesnt reabsorbed Na and CI ions
• Potassium Sparing Diuretics 


  Antogonize aldosterone
• Carbonic Anhydrate Inhibitors (Diuretics)


  • inhibits carbonic onhydrase
• Osmotic Diuretics 


  • increases excretion of nearly all electrolytes
• Analgesics


  • relieves pain
  • Acute pain: onset; 6 mos
  • Chronic pain: persistent 6 mos
• Opiod


  • Natural opium alkaloids (agonost of mu and kappa opoid receptors
  • Semi synthetic opiates
  • synthetic opioids
  • side effects: sedation, dizziness and addiction
  • danger sign: respiratory depression
  • monitor rr
• Non Opoid


  NSAID

  1. CoX- protect stomach lining
  2. CoX2- triggers pain and inflammation

  Non Selective NSAID

  1. Inhibit CoX1 and CoX2

  Nursing considerations

  1. Prevent risk of GI bleeding (drug with meals)
  2. Monirot stool color
• Acetylsalicylic Acid/ Aspirin


  • prevent thrombosis
  • contraindicated with liver problems
• Acetaminophen

  • Analgesic and antipyretic
  • Cause: liver damage