vibrio

• What family do Vibrio species belong to?

  Vibrionaceae
• In what types of environments are Vibrio species commonly found?

  Freshwater, brackish, and marine environments
• What is the most commonly isolated species of Vibrio that causes cholera?

  1. cholerae
• What type of bacteria are Vibrio species in terms of spore formation?

  Asporogenous
• What is the shape of Vibrio species?

  Curved or pleomorphic gram-negative rods
• How do Vibrio species move in broth and solid media?

  Polar flagella in broth, peritrichous in solid media
• What type of anaerobe are Vibrio species classified as?

  Facultative anaerobe
• Which Vibrio species is catalase positive?

  All except V. metschnikovii
• What is the oxidase reaction result for most Vibrio species?

  Positive except for V. metschnikovii
• What do Vibrio species reduce nitrate to?

  Nitrite, except for V. metschnikovii
• What type of fermenter are Vibrio species with respect to glucose?

  Glucose fermenter
• What is the susceptibility of Vibrio species to Vibriostatic 0/129?

  Susceptible
• On what media do Vibrio species grow?

  MAC and TCBS
• What does a positive string test indicate for Vibrio species?

  Mucoid "stringing" reaction in sodium deoxycholate
• What is the characteristic of all Vibrio species regarding salt?

  They are halophilic except V. cholerae and V. mimicus
• What factors are considered when identifying Vibrio infection?

  Raw seafood consumption, foreign travel, gastroenteritis
• What are the three major subgroups of V. cholerae?

  1. cholerae O1, O139, and non-O1
• What antigens do all V. cholerae subgroups share?

  Common flagellar (H) and somatic (O) antigens
• What are the serotypes of V. cholerae O1 based on O antigen composition?

  Ogawa, Inaba, and Hikojima
• How is cholera spread?

  Through contaminated water
• What are the acute symptoms of cholera?

  Severe gastroenteritis, vomiting, diarrhea
• What is the characteristic stool appearance in cholera?

  Rice watery stool with mucus flecks
• What is the main treatment for cholera?

  Intravenous or oral fluids
• Which antibiotics can shorten cholera duration?

  Azithromycin or ciprofloxacin
• What are the two types of cholera?

  Classical and El Tor types
• How can Classical and El Tor types of cholera be differentiated?

  By Voges Proskauer and Polymyxin B tests
• What is the Kanagawa toxin associated with V. parahaemolyticus?

  Heat-stable hemolysin that lyses erythrocytes
• What is the most frequently isolated Vibrio species?

  1. alginolyticus
• What are the two categories of infection caused by V. vulnificus?

  Primary septicemia and wound infections
• What is the colony appearance of Aeromonas species on SBA and CAP?

  Medium to large, smooth, opaque colonies
• What is the hemolytic pattern of Aeromonas species?

  Strong β-hemolysis
• What is the colony appearance of Aeromonas on CIN agar?

  Pink-centered colonies
• What is the motility characteristic of Aeromonas species?

  Motile with a single tuft of flagella
• What is the most common presentation of wound infection caused by Aeromonas?

  Cellulitis
• What is the characteristic of Campylobacter species in terms of oxygen requirements?

  Microaerophilic and capnophilic environment required
• What is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide?

  1. jejuni
• What is the primary transmission route for Campylobacter infections?

  Direct contact with infected animals
• What is the role of Campylobacter infection in Guillain-Barré Syndrome?

  It can trigger the autoimmune disorder
• What is the major cause of type B gastritis?

  Helicobacter pylori
• What is a significant risk factor for gastric carcinoma?

  Long-term H. pylori infection