Streptococcus pyogenes

• What is the focus of section 11 of the bacteria overview?

  Streptococcus pyogenes
• What does the purple floor symbolize in the video?

  Streptococcus pyogenes is gram positive
• What shape do streptococci bacteria have?

  Cocci shaped
• How do streptococci bacteria arrange themselves?

  They form long continuous chains
• What type of hemolysis does Streptococcus pyogenes exhibit?

  Beta-hemolytic
• What does beta-hemolysis look like on a culture?

  Zone of clearing around the colony
• What does the coat rack and raincoat symbolize in the video?

  The pyr test for enzyme identification
• What does the pyr test identify?

  Bacteria with pyrrolidonyl aryl amidase
• What color indicates a positive pyr test?

  Red or pink color
• What is unique about the capsule of Streptococcus pyogenes?

  It is comprised of hyaluronic acid
• What does the capsule of bacteria do?

  Protects bacteria from harm
• What skin infection does Streptococcus pyogenes cause?

  Cellulitis
• What characterizes cellulitis?

  Red, hot, swollen skin
• What skin infection is associated with honey crusted lesions?

  Impetigo
• What does the red mitten symbolize in the video?

  Erysipelas with large red lesions
• What is the first toxogenic disease of Streptococcus pyogenes?

  Toxic shock-like syndrome
• What causes toxic shock-like syndrome?

  Pyrogenic exotoxin known as erythrogenic toxin A
• What is a superantigen?

  A toxin causing over-activation of T-cells
• What are the symptoms of toxic shock-like syndrome?

  Shock, fever, and rash
• What is scarlet fever characterized by?

  Sandpaper-like rash
• What does the red scarf symbolize in the video?

  Scarlet fever and pharyngitis
• What is a symptom of scarlet fever related to the tongue?

  Strawberry tongue appearance
• What is necrotizing fasciitis?

  A soft tissue infection causing tissue death
• What does streptolysin O do?

  Degrades cell membranes and lyses red blood cells
• What is the relationship between streptolysin O and rheumatic fever?

  Streptolysin O is associated with rheumatic fever
• What does M protein inhibit?

  Phagocytosis by the host's immune system
• What is the mnemonic for the complications of rheumatic fever?

  Jones
• What does the 'J' in the Jones mnemonic stand for?

  Joints
• What does the 'O' in the Jones mnemonic represent?

  Carditis
• What does the 'N' in the Jones mnemonic refer to?

  Subcutaneous nodules
• What does the 'E' in the Jones mnemonic stand for?

  Erythema marginatum
• What does the 'S' in the Jones mnemonic represent?

  Syndenham's chorea
• What type of hypersensitivity reaction is rheumatic fever?

  Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction
• What type of hypersensitivity reaction is post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis?

  Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction
• What can trigger post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis?

  Strep infection after pharyngitis or skin infections
• What is the bacitracin test used for?

  To determine bacitracin sensitivity
• What does a broken bass guitar symbolize?

  Streptococcus pyogenes is bacitracin sensitive
• What common illness does Streptococcus pyogenes cause?

  Pharyngitis
• What is the treatment for strep pyogenes pharyngitis?

  Penicillin G
• What is another treatment for strep pyogenes skin infections?

  Cephalexin