definitions

• What does the behaviourist approach suggest about children?

  Children are born as "tabulae rasae".
• How does the biological approach explain human behaviour?

  It views behaviour as a result of genetics.
• What is classical conditioning?

  Learning by associating instinct with new stimuli.
• How does the cognitive approach liken the human mind?

  To a computer processing input to output.
• What does genotype refer to?

  The genetic profile of an individual.
• What is identification in social learning theory?

  Learning by observing role models perceived as similar.
• What is imitation according to social learning theory?

  Learning by copying the behaviour of role models.
• What does modelling refer to?

  When a role model enacts a behaviour to imitate.
• What are mediational processes?

  Internal processes that mediate observation and imitation.
• What is negative reinforcement?

  Behaviour performed to remove a negative stimulus.
• What is operant conditioning?

  Learning by direct consequences for behaviour.
• What does phenotype refer to?

  An organism's physical manifestation of genotype.
• What is positive reinforcement?

  Administration of a positive stimulus to increase behaviour.
• What is a schema?

  A mental framework for interpreting new information.
• What does social learning theory propose?

  New behaviours can be acquired by observing others.
• What is vicarious reinforcement?

  Indirect encouragement through observing others' consequences.