L1.3.2: Autonomy vs Shame / Doubt

• Autonomy VS. Shame/Doubt (18 Months to 2 or 3 Years Old)

  Early Childhood or Toddler

  Basic Virtue = Will

  Major Question - Can I do things by myself? Am I reliant on the help of others?
• Autonomy VS. Shame/Doubt

  Children are focused on gaining a greater sense of self-control, and independence.

  ● Picking own clothes

  ● Dressing oneself

  ● Developing own food preference

  ● Choosing own toys

  ● Mastering toilet training
• Autonomy VS. Shame/Doubt

  Parents and Caregivers must provide reassurance by giving rewards or saying that they have done a great job.

  ● Offer choices and opportunities

  ● Be supportive and refrain from punishments
• Autonomy VS. Shame/Doubt

  ● Excessive punishment and control may lead to shame and self-doubt

  ● Children are:

  ○ Controlled by what others think and feel, and adapt accordingly.

  ○ They react to and worry about someone else's expectations and reactions and defer to their opinion.

  ○ Have difficulty making decisions of their own.