1.6 symbols of power

• What four pieces of evidence are mentioned in the symbols of power chapter?

  1 Centauromachy on Parthenon 2 Amazonomachy on Temple at Bassae 3 Augustus of Prima Porta statue 4 Ara Pacis
• What did myths do? (4)

  1 They defined a civilisation (eg Greeks) 2 a city (eg Athens) 3 a family 4 an individual
• Who was an early king of the Lapiths?

  Ixion
• What wrong deed did Ixion commit?

  He tried to seduce Hera
• How did Zeus stop Ixion seducing Hera? (2)


  1 made an image of Hera 2 made of clouds
• What was the result of Ixion's action with the false Hera?

  The Centaurs
• In what ways were the Centaurs uncivilised? (4)


  1 They lived in caves 2 hunted wild animals 3 fought with rocks 4 unskilled in crafts
• What does centauromachy mean?

  Battle with the Centaurs
• How did the Centaurs come to fight the Lapiths? (4)

  1 At the wedding of Pirithous, king of the Lapiths 2 and Hippodamia 3 the Centaurs got drunk 4 and one tried to rape Hippodamia
• Who helped the Lapiths fight the Centaurs?

  Theseus
• What did the story of the centauromachy represent?

  Civilisation vs barbarism
• Who represented barbarism to the Greeks?

  The Persians
• What had the Persians done to Athens? (2)

  1 Burnt down the Acropolis 2 in 480BC
• How many metopes depicted the centauromachy on the Parthenon?

  Thirty-four
• How did the metopes create an easily recognisable scene? (2)

  1 Centaurs are horses with the torso and the head of a man 2 centaurs are fighting Lapiths
• How did the metopes create of sense of realism? (3)

  1 Muscles are clearly defined 2 centaurs and lapiths are shown in mid action 3 bodies are twisted showing action
• How did the metopes avoid big blank spaces? (2)

  1 Bodies are often shown in diagonal poses 2 objects are used to fill space such as an animal skin
• What does amazonomachy mean?

  Battle with the Amazons
• Who were the Amazons? (3)

  1 A race of women 2 from the East end of the Black Sea 3 who killed their sons
• What were the two major battles with the Amazons? (2)

  1 Heracles vs Hippolyta (labour nine) 2 After Heracles brought back an Amazon bride for Theseus, at Athens
• What does the centauromachy represent?

  Greece's triumph over foreign people
• Why was the temple of Apollo built at Bassae?

  When Bassae was struck by a plague
• What scenes were carved on the frieze inside the temple? (2)

  1 An Amazonomachy 2 A Centauromachy
• Which Amazonomachy does the temple at Bassae depict?

  Heracles vs Hippolyta
• How did the frieze create a scene that could be easily recognised? (2)

  1 The only women to fight were Amazons 2 Amazons were shown with one bare breast
• How does the frieze create a scene that is realistic? (2)

  1 The muscles are clear 2 men, women and horses are in mid-flight or mid-attack
• How does the frieze fill the space? (2)

  1 Some characters mirror each other 2 bodies are depicted at an angle
• Who was Augustus' adopted father?

  Julius Caesar
• Who had Augustus defeated to become sole ruler of Rome? (2)

  1 Mark Anthony 2 Cleopatra
• What did Augustus avoid?

  Taking the title of king or dictator
• What image did Augustus want to present? (4)

  1 He was recreating a golden age of art and architecture 2 he was the bringer of peace 3 he brought peace with the gods 4 he was linked to the gods
• What is the statue of Prima Porta? (2)

  1 A copy of a bronze statue of Augustus 2 made for Livia, Augustus's wife
• What was the statue of Augustus styled on? (3)

  1 The Doryphorus (spear-bearer) 2 by Polykleitos 3 from the golden age of Greek art
• How was Augustus's statue similar to the Doryphorus? (2)


  1 Same body position 2 except raised right arm
• What did the Doryphorus represent? (3)

  1 The ideal man 2 so Augustus was the ideal man 3 bringing in a new golden age
• What can be seen on the breastplate of Augustus? (3)

  1 The gods of the sun and moon (associating Augustus with the gods) 2 The standards from Parthia being returned (peace) 3 Earth (with a cornucopia) = Abundance
• What does wearing a breastplate suggest about Augustus?

  He is a great warrior who brings peace
• What does the toga Augustus wears represent?

  He is one of the senators
• What does Cupid at Augustus's feet represent? (3)

  1 Cupid was the son of Venus 2 Aeneas was the son of Venus 3 Julius Caesar claimed descent from Venus
• What might his bare feet suggest? (2)

  1 The statue was made after his death, when he was made a god or 2 it showed he was the son of a god