L2.7.1: Historical Background

• 1976

  Taken from the 1976 World Wide Framework (Tailor fitted to the PH context)

  Presidential Decree 996

  ● EPI began Under President Ferdinand Marcos
• 1986

  Period of EPI Acceleration Under the Universal Child Immunization (UCI)

  ● Under President Cory Aquino

  ● Period of EPI acceleration

  ○ Pique interest, innovations, etc.

  ● There were 6 basic vaccines:

  1. Tuberculosis

  2. Diphtheria

  3. Pertussis

  4. Tetanus

  5. Measles

  6. Poliomyelitis
• 1992 - 1997

  Period of EPI Excitement

  ● Under President Fidel Ramos

  ○ Expansion of diseases that were covered, constant innovation, etc.

  ● 6 basic vaccines were expanded

  ● Under R.A. 7846 = Hepatitis B Vaccine integration
• 1992 - 1997 Period of EPI Excitement

  ● Polio Eradication Project Launch

  ● Increased EPI coverage from 80% to 92%

  ○ High compliance of vaccination

  ● Presidential Proclamation No. 147 = Every Wednesday is Immunization Day (Nationwide)
• 1998 - Present

  Period of EPI Challenge

  ● Under President Joseph Estrada

  ● Measles elimination campaign was not 100% achieved

  ● Polio free target was not sustained

  ● Neonatal tetanus rate still remains high in some cities and provinces

  *Low compliance in vaccination
• 2010 Republic Act 10152

  ● DOH created an EPI Strategic Plan for 2016-2021: Strengthen Immunization Coverage of Traditional Vaccines and Introduce New Vaccines

  These were the following:

  ➔ BCG (TB) Vaccine

  ➔ DPT (Trivalent Vaccine - Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus)

  ➔ Polio Vaccine

  ➔ MMR (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine)

  ➔ Hepatitis-B Vaccine

  ➔ HIB (Haemophilus Influenzae Type B) Vaccine
• 2010 Republic Act 10152

  ➔ BCG (TB) Vaccine

  ○ Tuberculosis = Bacterial infection that affects the lungs (Upper)
• 2010 Republic Act 10152

  ➔ DPT (Trivalent Vaccine - Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus)

  ○ Diphtheria = Bacterial infection that can cause difficulty in breathing, and other heart rhythm problems.

  ○ Pertussis = Whooping cough

  ○ Tetanus = Bacterial infection that can cause painful muscle contractions, and “lockjaw”
• 2010 Republic Act 10152

  ➔ Polio Vaccine

  ○ Polio = Disease caused by Poliovirus that affects the brain and the spinal cord, leading to paralysis. It may also lead to shortening of the limb up to 3 and a half inches.
• 2010 Republic Act 10152

  ➔ MMR (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine)

  ○ Measles = Caused by Rubeola virus, which may lead to rashes, fever, coughing, runny nose, and watery eyes.

  ○ Mumps = Caused by paramyxovirus which can cause swelling of parotid glands.

  ○ Rubella = Carries German Measles

  * Chicken Pox = Caused by another virus called varicella-zoster virus
• 2010 Republic Act 10152

  ➔ Hepatitis-B Vaccine

  ○ Hepa-B = Infection of the liver from infection of the blood (due to the Hepa-B Virus)
• 2010 Republic Act 10152

  ➔ HIB (Haemophilus Influenzae Type B) Vaccine

  ○ Leads to Pneumonia, Meningitis, and Influenza.

  These vaccines were developed into:

  1. Pentavalent (DPT, Hepa B, and HIB) ○ 5-in-1 Vaccine 2. Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) - Prevents Pneumonia 3. Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV)
• REMEMBER: ALL VACCINES ARE FREE OF CHARGE!