Lipids

• What type of solvents can saturated lipids dissolve in?

  Organic solvents
• Why are saturated lipids uncharged?

  Due to their polarity
• What type of bonds do saturated lipids lack?

  C=C bonds
• What structural feature do saturated lipids not have?

  Kinks in their structure
• Where are saturated lipids commonly found?

  In animal fats
• What type of bonds do unsaturated lipids contain?

  C=C bonds
• What characteristic do unsaturated lipids have?

  Kinks in their structure
• At what temperatures do unsaturated lipids typically melt?

  Lower temperatures
• Where are unsaturated lipids primarily found?

  In plant cells
• How does the number of unsaturated bonds affect intermolecular interactions?

  More unsaturated bonds weaken interactions
• What is the primary function of triglycerides?

  Energy reserves in cells
• What components make up a triglyceride molecule?

  One glycerol and three fatty acids
• How many water molecules are formed during triglyceride formation?

  Three water molecules
• What type of reaction forms triglycerides?

  Condensation reaction
• What type of bond joins fatty acids to glycerol in triglycerides?

  Esther bonds
• What is the role of phospholipids in cell membranes?

  Make up the cell membrane
• What components are found in phospholipids?

  Glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group
• What charge does the phosphate group in phospholipids have?

  Negatively charged
• What characteristic do phosphate heads of phospholipids have?

  They are hydrophilic
• What is the nature of fatty acid tails in phospholipids?

  They are hydrophobic
• What structure do phospholipids form when in contact with water?

  Micelles
• What happens to the phosphate head when phospholipids are in water?

  It faces outward in water
• What is a surfactant?

  A surface-active agent
• How do fatty acid tails orient in a bilayer?

  They point inwards
• What is cholesterol classified as?

  A sterol
• What protects the fatty acid tails in a bilayer?

  Phosphate heads
• Where is cholesterol made in the body?

  In the liver or intestines
• What is the structure of cholesterol?

  Four carbon ring structure with an OH group
• What characteristic does the hydroxyl group of cholesterol have?

  It is polar and hydrophilic
• What is the characteristic of the rest of the cholesterol molecule?

  It is hydrophobic
• What are some functions of lipids?

  Waterproofing, hormone production, membrane formation
• What is the role of lipids in thermal insulation?

  They provide cushioning and insulation
• How do saturated fatty acid tails affect membrane fluidity?

  They make membranes less fluid
• How do unsaturated fatty acid tails affect membrane fluidity?

  They make membranes more fluid
• Why is membrane fluidity important for organisms in cold environments?

  It helps maintain membrane fluidity
• What happens to the membrane fluidity with more unsaturated bonds?

  Membrane remains fluid
• What does "kinky" refer to in unsaturated lipids?

  It refers to the bent structure
• What is the significance of blubber in animals?

  It provides insulation and energy storage
• What is the function of the myelin sheath?

  Insulates nerve fibers for faster transmission
• What are intermolecular interactions?

  Forces between molecules affecting properties