Cognitive Explanation for Depression

• What is a key idea of Beck's cognitive explanation of depression?

  Negative thoughts lead to low mood
• What are cognitive distortions in depressed individuals?

  Focusing on small negatives and ignoring positives
• What is a negative self-schema?

  A negative view of oneself
• What are the three types of negative thinking in Beck's Negative Triad?

  • Negative view of the world
  • Negative view of the future
  • Negative view of the self
• How does a negative view of the world affect depression?

  It creates an impression of hopelessness
• What does a negative view of the future imply for a depressed person?

  It reduces hopefulness and enhances depression
• What does a negative view of the self lead to in depression?

  It confirms feelings of low self-esteem
• What is the key idea of Ellis's ABC model?

  Irrational thinking causes poor mental health
• What is an activating event in Ellis's ABC model?

  A situation triggered by external events
• What is the belief component in Ellis's ABC model?

  Negative beliefs triggered by activating events
• What are the consequences of irrational beliefs in Ellis's ABC model?

  Emotional and behavioral consequences arise
• What is MUSTurbatory thinking according to Ellis?

  Thinking certain ideas must be true for happiness
• What are the three most important irrational beliefs in MUSTurbatory thinking?

  • I MUST be approved by important people
  • I MUST do well or I'm worthless
  • The world MUST give me happiness
• What are the strengths of the cognitive explanation of depression?

  • Supporting research exists
  • Real-world applications like CBT
• What did Hammen & Krantz (1976) find about depressed participants?

  They made more errors in logic than non-depressed
• What is a criticism of the cognitive explanation of depression?

  It blames the individual, not situational factors
• How is CBT related to the cognitive explanation of depression?

  CBT is effective in treating depression
• What does the biological approach suggest about depression?

  Low serotonin levels can cause depression
• What did Clark & Beck (1999) find regarding cognitive irrational thoughts?

  They can be seen before depression develops
• Where can you learn about cognitive distortions in depression?

  Visit https://psychcentral.com/lib/15-common-cognitive-distortions/