L6.3: Human Waste

• HUMAN WASTE

  ● Since garbage volumes are typically increasing, waste has become a problem in several places of the world.

  ● Waste is produced by human activity across all economic sectors and is unavoidably seen as a by-product of economic activity. The creation of trash results in the depletion of resources and energy and places financial burdens on society for its collection, treatment, and disposal.

  ● A product or substance that is no longer suitable for its intended use is referred to as waste.
• Kinds of Waste

  ● Solid wastes

  ● Liquid wastes

  ● Gas wastes
• Kinds of Waste

  ● Solid wastes

  ○ Almost all solid waste can be seen in the landfills generated by all people across the globe.

  ○ This waste includes medical, municipal, construction demolition, industrial waste, agricultural waste, and electronic waste.
• Kinds of Waste

  ● Liquid wastes

  ○ These types of wastes include all the liquid forms of wastes.

  ○ Example: wastewater, fats, oils, grease, and hazardous liquids from factories and households.
• Kinds of Waste

  ● Gas wastes

  ○ Wastes in gaseous forms.

  ○ Example: oxides from carbon and nitrogen, Sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide methane, and CFC or the chlorofluorocarbons from the greenhouse gasses.
• Sources of Waste

  ● Municipal Solid Waste

  ● Industrial Waste

  ● Agricultural Waste

  ● Radioactive Wastes

  ● E – Wastes

  ● Biomedical Wastes
• Sources of Waste

  ● Municipal Solid Waste

  ○ Solid wastes include household garbage, rubbish, construction and demolition debris, sanitation residues, packaging materials, trade refuges, and others managed by any municipality.
• Sources of Waste

  ● Industrial Waste

  ○ Liquid and solid wastes are generated by manufacturing and processing units of various industries like chemical, petroleum, coal, metal, gas, sanitary, and paper.
• Sources of Waste

  ● Agricultural Waste

  ○ Wastes that are generated from farming activities. These substances are mostly biodegradable.
• Sources of Waste

  ● Radioactive Wastes

  ○ Wastes containing radioactive materials. These are common by-products of nuclear processes. Sometimes industries that are not directly involved in nuclear activities may also produce some radioactive waste such as radioisotopes and chemical sludge.
• Sources of Waste

  ● E – Wastes

  ○ Electronic wastes that are generated from any modern establishments. They may be described as discarded electrical or electronic devices. Some electronic scrap components such as CRTs may contain contaminants such as lead, cadmium, and beryllium or brominated flame retardants.
• Sources of Waste

  ● Biomedical Wastes

  ○ Solid or liquid wastes including containers, intermediate or end products generated during diagnosis, treatment, and research activities of medical sciences.