First Ionisation Energy

• What is the first ionization energy?

  Energy needed to remove one mole of electrons
• How many protons does a magnesium atom have?

  12 protons
• How many electrons are in a neutral magnesium atom?

  12 electrons
• How are the electrons distributed in a magnesium atom?

  2 in the first shell, 8 in the second, 2 in the third
• What happens when one electron is removed from a magnesium atom?

  It forms a magnesium ion with a +1 charge
• How is the magnesium ion represented in equations?

  As mg⁺
• What does the first ionization energy involve in terms of state symbols?

  Atoms in gaseous state to form gaseous ions
• What is the definition of first ionization energy?

  Energy to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms
• What is the second ionization energy?

  Energy needed to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of +1 ions
• How does the second ionization energy differ from the first ionization energy?

  Second involves +1 ions, first involves neutral atoms
• What do scientists call the energies required to remove multiple electrons?

  Successive ionization energies
• What does the third ionization energy produce?

  An ion with a +3 charge
• What are the steps involved in defining first and second ionization energies?

  • First ionization energy:
  • Remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms to form +1 ions.
  • Second ionization energy:
  • Remove one mole of electrons from one mole of +1 ions to form +2 ions.
• What do successive ionization energies indicate about electron arrangement?

  • They reveal how tightly electrons are held.
  • They show the energy required to remove each subsequent electron.
  • They help understand the stability of electron configurations.