Communicable disease

• What is the definition of callus in plants?

  A mass of undifferentiated plant cells
• What do plants use to manufacture sugars?

  Photosynthesis
• What do plants convert sugars into?

  Starch, proteins, vitamins, and more
• Why are plants a rich source of nutrients?

  They manufacture various substances
• How do plants differ from animals regarding immune systems?

  Plants lack an immune system like animals
• What types of defences do plants develop against pathogens?

  Chemical and physical defences
• What are passive defences in plants?

  Defences present before infection
• What is the role of passive defences in plants?

  To prevent entry of pathogens
• What are the types of passive defences in plants?

  • Physical barriers
  • Chemicals
• What is the function of the cellulosic cell wall in plants?

  Acts as a physical barrier
• How does lignin contribute to plant defences?

  It is almost completely indigestible
• What is the role of waxy cuticles in plants?

  Prevents water loss and pathogen entry
• What does the bark of a plant contain?

  A variety of chemical defences
• How do passive defences function before infection?

  They prevent the entry of pathogens
• What is a disease?

  A condition that impairs normal body functions
• What is a pathogen?

  A microorganism that causes disease
• What does Mycobacterium Tuberculosis affect?

  It affects humans and cattle, mainly lungs
• How is Mycobacterium Tuberculosis transmitted?

  Transmitted through airborne droplets
• What is meningitis?

  A bacterial infectious disease affecting humans
• How is meningitis diagnosed?

  Diagnosed with blood test or lumbar puncture
• What does ring rot affect?

  A bacterial disease affecting plants' vascular tissue
• How is ring rot diagnosed?

  Diagnosed via observation
• What is HIV?

  A viral infectious disease affecting humans
• How is HIV transmitted?

  Passed through body fluids
• What does Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) cause?

  Dark mosaic patterns on leaves
• How is TMV diagnosed?

  Diagnosed through observation
• What does influenza attack?

  It attacks the respiratory system
• What caused the Spanish flu pandemic?

  Influenza virus
• What is Black sigatoka?

  A fungal disease affecting bananas
• How is Black sigatoka diagnosed?

  Diagnosed through lower yield of fruit
• What is ringworm?

  A fungal disease affecting cattle
• How is ringworm diagnosed?

  Diagnosed through observation
• What is athlete's foot?

  A fungal disease affecting humans' feet
• How is athlete's foot prevented?

  Prevented through hygiene and drying feet
• What does blight affect?

  Affects tomatoes and potatoes
• How is blight diagnosed?

  Diagnosed through brown patches on leaves
• What is malaria?

  A protist disease affecting animals
• How is malaria treated?

  Treated with chloroquine phosphate and ACTs
• What is direct transmission?

  Transmission directly from one organism to another
• What are factors affecting direct transmission?

  Overcrowding, ventilation, hygiene, public health