Physicalism

• What is the view of Physicalism?

  Everything is ultimately physical.
• What does Physicalism deny?

  It denies dualism between mind and body.
• What is the relationship of supervenience?

  Mental properties depend on physical properties.
• What is the task of a physicalist theory?

  To explain consciousness in physical terms.
• What is Philosophical behaviourism?

  Mental states are identical to behavioral concepts.
• What does analytic reduction mean in behaviourism?

  Meaning of mental states is equivalent to behavior.
• What is a causal reduction in behaviourism?

  Analysis of language about behavior without invoking the world.
• What is one argument for behaviourism regarding dualism?

  It solves the problem of interaction.
• How does behaviourism address the problem of other minds?

  It claims minds cannot be empirically established.
• What do empiricist philosophers argue about meaningful terms?

  They must have a basis in experience.
• What is the verification criterion of meaning?

  Meaningful propositions must be provable true or false.
• What do logical positivists think about logical propositions?

  They are vacuous and tell us nothing about the world.
• According to behaviourism, how is the mind characterized?

  The mind is private and non-physical.
• Why can't we establish someone's happiness according to behaviourism?

  We cannot detect mental states with instruments.
• What do behaviourists argue about talking meaningfully about mental states?

  It is wrong to talk meaningfully about them.
• What does hard behaviourism emphasize according to Hempel?

  Psychology should be based on observable behavior.
• How does Hempel relate physical states to behavior?

  They can be related to observation statements.
• What does "Paul is in pain" mean in hard behaviourism?

  It means Paul exhibits observable behaviors.
• What is the difference between hard and soft behaviourism?

  Soft behaviourism allows unmanifested mental states.
• How does Ryle view mental states in soft behaviourism?

  Mental states are based on behavioral dispositions.
• What does it mean to say someone has a toothache in soft behaviourism?

  They would cry if circumstances were right.
• How can dispositions be expressed according to Ryle?

  In terms of hypothetical propositions.
• What does the dispositional analysis of a mental state include?

  A series of antecedent conditions in hypotheticals.
• What does Ryle argue about potential behavior?

  Mental states can be rendered in potential behavior terms.
• What is the significance of potential behavior in soft behaviourism?

  It captures what a person might do.