Renal

    Cards (122)

    • What is the aim of studying the urinary system?
      Identify structure and relate it to function
    • What are the components of the urinary system?
      Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
    • How are the kidneys and nephrons structured?
      Kidneys contain nephrons for filtration
    • What is the process of urine formation?
      Filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
    • How does hormonal control affect urine formation?
      It regulates blood pressure and fluid balance
    • What is the micturition reflex?
      It is the process of urination
    • Why is urinalysis important?
      It helps interpret abnormal markers in urine
    • What is intracellular fluid?
      Fluid inside the cell
    • What is extracellular fluid?
      Fluid outside the cell
    • What is interstitial fluid?
      Fluid surrounding cells
    • What is plasma?
      Liquid component of blood
    • Why is fluid regulation important for cells?
      Cells need it to function effectively
    • What does body fluid contain?
      Oxygen, nutrients, charged particles, waste
    • What are the sources of water gain in the body?
      Ingestion and metabolic synthesis
    • What are the sources of water loss in the body?
      Urine, sweat, breathing, feces
    • How do hyperventilation, vomiting, and fever affect fluid balance?
      They decrease the amount of fluid
    • How is water and solute loss regulated?
      Primarily through urine elimination
    • What is osmosis?
      Diffusion of water across a membrane
    • What is the renal system composed of?
      Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
    • What does the renal system eliminate?
      Nitrogenous wastes from the body
    • What is the function of the kidneys?
      Regulate water, electrolyte, and pH balance
    • Where are the kidneys located?
      Retroperitoneal, behind the peritoneum
    • What is the typical size of a kidney?
      10-12 cm long, 5-7 cm wide
    • Why is the right kidney lower than the left?
      Due to the position of the liver
    • How are the kidneys protected and stabilized?
      By connective tissue and adipose tissue
    • What covers the outer surface of the kidney?
      Fibrous capsule
    • What is the perinephrenic fat capsule?
      Layer of adipose tissue cushioning kidneys
    • What is the renal fascia?
      Anchors kidneys to surrounding structures
    • What is the renal blood supply rate?
      Approximately 1200 ml per minute
    • How many nephrons are in each kidney?
      Approximately 1 million
    • What do nephrons filter from the blood?
      Water, metabolic waste, drug metabolites
    • What are the two parts of a nephron?
      Renal corpuscle and renal tubules
    • How much blood do kidneys filter daily?
      160L per day
    • How much urine do kidneys produce daily?
      1-3L of urine
    • What are the three major processes of nephron function?
      Glomerular filtration, reabsorption, secretion
    • What controls the speed of glomerular filtration?
      Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
    • What affects tubular reabsorption and secretion?
      Tubule permeability and counter current circulation
    • What is the average glomerular filtration rate?
      About 125 mL/min or 180L/day
    • Where does glomerular filtration occur?
      In the glomerulus and glomerular capsule
    • What creates a filter in the renal corpuscle?
      Podocytes and capillary walls