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Cards (122)
What is the aim of studying the urinary system?
Identify
structure
and relate it to
function
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What are the components of the urinary system?
Kidneys
,
ureters
,
bladder
, urethra
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How are the kidneys and nephrons structured?
Kidneys contain nephrons for
filtration
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What is the process of urine formation?
Filtration
,
reabsorption
, and secretion
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How does hormonal control affect urine formation?
It regulates
blood pressure
and
fluid balance
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What is the micturition reflex?
It is the process of
urination
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Why is urinalysis important?
It helps interpret
abnormal
markers in urine
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What is intracellular fluid?
Fluid
inside
the cell
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What is extracellular fluid?
Fluid
outside
the cell
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What is interstitial fluid?
Fluid
surrounding
cells
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What is plasma?
Liquid
component
of blood
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Why is fluid regulation important for cells?
Cells
need
it to
function
effectively
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What does body fluid contain?
Oxygen, nutrients,
charged particles
, waste
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What are the sources of water gain in the body?
Ingestion
and
metabolic
synthesis
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What are the sources of water loss in the body?
Urine
, sweat,
breathing
, feces
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How do hyperventilation, vomiting, and fever affect fluid balance?
They
decrease
the amount of fluid
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How is water and solute loss regulated?
Primarily through
urine elimination
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What is osmosis?
Diffusion of water across a
membrane
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What is the renal system composed of?
Kidneys
,
ureters
,
bladder
, urethra
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What does the renal system eliminate?
Nitrogenous
wastes from the body
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What is the function of the kidneys?
Regulate water,
electrolyte
, and pH
balance
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Where are the kidneys located?
Retroperitoneal
, behind the
peritoneum
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What is the typical size of a kidney?
10-12 cm
long,
5-7 cm
wide
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Why is the right kidney lower than the left?
Due to the position of the
liver
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How are the kidneys protected and stabilized?
By
connective tissue
and
adipose tissue
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What covers the outer surface of the kidney?
Fibrous capsule
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What is the perinephrenic fat capsule?
Layer of
adipose
tissue cushioning
kidneys
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What is the renal fascia?
Anchors
kidneys
to surrounding structures
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What is the renal blood supply rate?
Approximately
1200
ml per minute
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How many nephrons are in each kidney?
Approximately 1
million
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What do nephrons filter from the blood?
Water,
metabolic waste
, drug metabolites
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What are the two parts of a nephron?
Renal corpuscle
and
renal tubules
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How much blood do kidneys filter daily?
160L
per day
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How much urine do kidneys produce daily?
1-3L
of urine
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What are the three major processes of nephron function?
Glomerular filtration
,
reabsorption
, secretion
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What controls the speed of glomerular filtration?
Glomerular filtration rate
(GFR)
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What affects tubular reabsorption and secretion?
Tubule permeability
and
counter current circulation
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What is the average glomerular filtration rate?
About
125 mL/min
or
180L/day
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Where does glomerular filtration occur?
In the
glomerulus
and
glomerular capsule
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What creates a filter in the renal corpuscle?
Podocytes
and
capillary walls
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