Structure of proteins

• What are peptides made up of?

  Amino acids
• What do proteins consist of?

  One or more polypeptides
• What do all amino acids have in common?

  The same basic structure
• What results in different amino acids?

  Different R groups
• How many different amino acids are found in cells?

  20 different amino acids
• Which organisms can make amino acids?

  Plants can make them
• What are essential amino acids?

  Amino acids obtained by diet
• How many amino acids are conditionally essential?

  6 amino acids
• What is the primary structure of a protein?

  Linear chain of amino acids
• What determines the secondary structure of a protein?

  Hydrogen bonding
• What are the two types of secondary structures?

  Alpha helix and beta pleated sheet
• What is the tertiary structure of a protein?

  3D shape of the protein
• What are the two types of protein shapes?

  Globular and fibrous
• What bonds contribute to the tertiary structure?

  Hydrogen, ionic, and disulfide bonds
• What are the strongest bonds in protein structure?

  Disulfide bonds
• What type of bonds are formed between ionized R groups?

  Ionic bonds
• What is the role of hydrogen bonds in proteins?

  Provide stability
• What is β glucose found in?

  Cellulose
• What is the condensation reaction between lipids called?

  Esterification
• What is the difference between triglycerides and phospholipids?

  Phospholipids have a phosphate group
• What is the positive result for protein in the Biuret test?

  Color change from blue to purple
• What are the characteristics of globular proteins?

  Compact and water-soluble
• What are the types of bonds involved in protein structure?

  • Hydrogen bonds
  • Ionic bonds
  • Disulfide bonds
  • Hydrophobic interactions
• What are the differences between globular and fibrous proteins?

  Globular proteins:

  • Compact
  • Water-soluble
  • Usually spherical

  
  

  Fibrous proteins:

  • Long
  • Can form fibers
  • Generally insoluble