Protein Synthesis

Cards (55)

  • What are peptides made up of?
    Amino acids
  • What do proteins consist of?
    One or more polypeptides
  • What do all amino acids have in common?
    The same basic structure
  • What results in different amino acids?
    Different R groups
  • How many different amino acids are found in cells?
    20 different amino acids
  • Which organisms can make amino acids?
    Plants can make them
  • How many essential amino acids must be obtained by diet?
    9 essential amino acids
  • What are non-essential amino acids?
    Amino acids made by our bodies
  • What are conditionally essential amino acids?
    Amino acids required only by infants
  • What is the primary structure of proteins?
    Linear chain of amino acids
  • What determines the secondary structure of proteins?
    Hydrogen bonding
  • What are the two types of secondary structures?
    Alpha helix and beta pleated sheet
  • What is the tertiary structure of a protein?
    The 3D shape of the protein
  • What are the two types of protein shapes?
    Globular and fibrous
  • What types of bonds can form in proteins?
    Hydrogen, ionic, disulfide, hydrophobic
  • Which bonds are the strongest in proteins?
    Disulfide bonds
  • What are covalent bonds in proteins formed by?
    Cysteine groups
  • Where does transcription occur?
    Nucleus
  • Where does translation occur?
    Ribosome
  • What are hydrogen bonds used for in proteins?
    Stability of the protein structure
  • What is β glucose found in?
    Cellulose
  • How many bases form the code for an amino acid?
    3
  • What is the condensation reaction between lipids called?
    Esterification
  • What does it mean that the genetic code is degenerate?
    More than one code for the same amino acid
  • How do DNA mutations affect protein structure?
    They can change the amino acid sequence
  • What are the components of a triglyceride?
    3 fatty acids and glycerol
  • What is a triplet code in genetics?
    3 bases coding for an amino acid
  • What is a positive result for protein in the Biuret test?
    Color change from blue to purple
  • What does it mean that triplet codes are non-overlapping?
    They are adjacent to each other
  • What is the typical structure of globular proteins?
    Compact and water-soluble
  • What is the start codon?
    AUG
  • What are the stop codons?
    UAA, UAG, UGA
  • What are the main structural features of proteins?
    • Primary structure: Linear chain of amino acids
    • Secondary structure: Alpha helix and beta pleated sheet
    • Tertiary structure: 3D shape of the protein
    • Quaternary structure: Multiple polypeptides (if applicable)
  • What is the term for the sequence that codes for an amino acid in mRNA?
    Codon
  • What are the differences between triglycerides and phospholipids?
    • Triglycerides: 3 fatty acids, energy storage
    • Phospholipids: 2 fatty acids, phosphate group, cell membranes
  • What is the term for the sequence that pairs with a codon in tRNA?
    Anticodon
  • What is transcription in genetics?
    Conversion of DNA information to mRNA
  • What are the bases found in DNA?
    A, T, C, G
  • What are the bases found in mRNA?
    A, U, C, G
  • Which DNA strand contains the code for protein synthesis?
    The sense strand