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Biology
Biological molecules
Protein Synthesis
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Created by
Kamila Hussain
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Cards (55)
What are peptides made up of?
Amino acids
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What do proteins consist of?
One or more
polypeptides
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What do all amino acids have in common?
The same
basic structure
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What results in different amino acids?
Different
R groups
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How many different amino acids are found in cells?
20
different amino acids
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Which organisms can make amino acids?
Plants
can make them
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How many essential amino acids must be obtained by diet?
9
essential amino acids
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What are non-essential amino acids?
Amino acids made by our
bodies
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What are conditionally essential amino acids?
Amino acids required only by
infants
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What is the primary structure of proteins?
Linear chain of
amino acids
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What determines the secondary structure of proteins?
Hydrogen bonding
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What are the two types of secondary structures?
Alpha helix
and
beta pleated sheet
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What is the tertiary structure of a protein?
The
3D
shape of the protein
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What are the two types of protein shapes?
Globular
and
fibrous
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What types of bonds can form in proteins?
Hydrogen
,
ionic
,
disulfide
,
hydrophobic
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Which bonds are the strongest in proteins?
Disulfide bonds
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What are covalent bonds in proteins formed by?
Cysteine
groups
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Where does transcription occur?
Nucleus
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Where does translation occur?
Ribosome
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What are hydrogen bonds used for in proteins?
Stability
of the protein structure
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What is β glucose found in?
Cellulose
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How many bases form the code for an amino acid?
3
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What is the condensation reaction between lipids called?
Esterification
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What does it mean that the genetic code is degenerate?
More than one code for the same
amino acid
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How do DNA mutations affect protein structure?
They can change the
amino acid sequence
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What are the components of a triglyceride?
3
fatty acids
and
glycerol
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What is a triplet code in genetics?
3
bases coding for an
amino acid
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What is a positive result for protein in the Biuret test?
Color change from
blue
to
purple
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What does it mean that triplet codes are non-overlapping?
They are
adjacent
to each other
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What is the typical structure of globular proteins?
Compact
and
water-soluble
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What is the start codon?
AUG
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What are the stop codons?
UAA
,
UAG
,
UGA
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What are the main structural features of proteins?
Primary structure: Linear chain of
amino acids
Secondary structure:
Alpha helix
and
beta pleated sheet
Tertiary structure:
3D
shape of the protein
Quaternary structure: Multiple
polypeptides
(if applicable)
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What is the term for the sequence that codes for an amino acid in mRNA?
Codon
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What are the differences between triglycerides and phospholipids?
Triglycerides: 3
fatty acids
, energy storage
Phospholipids: 2 fatty acids,
phosphate group
, cell membranes
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What is the term for the sequence that pairs with a codon in tRNA?
Anticodon
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What is transcription in genetics?
Conversion of
DNA
information to
mRNA
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What are the bases found in DNA?
A,
T
,
C
,
G
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What are the bases found in mRNA?
A,
U
,
C
,
G
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Which DNA strand contains the code for protein synthesis?
The sense strand
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