Prokaryotic Cell structure

• How are prokaryotic cells charged compared to eukaryotic cells?

  They are charged differently than eukaryotes
• What is the structure of DNA in prokaryotic cells?

  One molecule of supercoiled DNA
• Why is prokaryotic DNA more compact?

  It is supercoiled to make it more compact
• How do prokaryotic cells compare in size to eukaryotic cells?

  They are smaller than eukaryotes
• What determines the size of prokaryotic cells in a solution?

  Rate at which they settle or form sediment
• What is the ribosome size in eukaryotic cells?

  80s
• What is the ribosome size in prokaryotic cells?

  70s
• What is the composition of the prokaryotic cell wall?

  Made from peptidoglycan
• What is mucin?

  A complex polymer from amino acids and sugar
• How does the flagellum in prokaryotes compare to that in eukaryotes?

  Thinner than the equivalent structure in eukaryotes
• Where does the energy for prokaryotic flagellum come from?

  From chemiosmosis, not ATP
• How is the flagellum attached in prokaryotic cells?

  Attached to cell membrane by a basal body
• What are the similarities and differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

  • Nucleus: Prokaryotic - not present; Eukaryotic - present
  • DNA: Prokaryotic - circular; Eukaryotic - linear
  • DNA organization: Prokaryotic - not associated with histones; Eukaryotic - associated with histones
  • Organelles: Prokaryotic - non-membrane bound; Eukaryotic - membrane-bound
  • Ribosomes: Prokaryotic - smaller (70s); Eukaryotic - larger (80s)
  • Cytoskeleton: Prokaryotic - present; Eukaryotic - present and more complex
  • Reproduction: Prokaryotic - binary fission; Eukaryotic - asexual or sexual
  • Cell type: Prokaryotic - unicellular; Eukaryotic - unicellular and multicellular
  • Cell surface membrane: Present in both
• What type of DNA is present in prokaryotic cells?

  Circular DNA
• What are plasmids?

  Extrachromosomal circular DNA
• What type of organelles do eukaryotic cells have?

  Membrane-bound organelles
• What type of organelles do prokaryotic cells have?

  Non-membrane-bound organelles
• What is the composition of the cell wall in fungi and plants?

  Chitin in fungi, cellulose in plants
• What is the ribosome size in eukaryotic cells?

  80s
• What is the ribosome size in prokaryotic cells?

  70s
• What type of cytoskeleton do prokaryotic cells have?

  Present, but less complex
• What type of reproduction do prokaryotic cells undergo?

  Binary fission
• What type of cell surface membrane do prokaryotic cells have?

  Present
• What type of cell surface membrane do eukaryotic cells have?

  Present