Rights in context

• What are civil liberties?

  Protections against government interference
• What are civil rights?

  Rights guaranteed by the state
• What are human rights?

  A combination of civil liberties and rights
• How are human rights characterized?

  They are absolute, universal, and fundamental
• How did human rights develop internationally?

  Expanded post-WWII through international instruments
• What document limited monarchial power in 1215?

  Magna Carta
• What does common law assume about rights?

  Rights are assumed unless legally obstructed
• What is the Human Rights Act of 1998?

  Incorporated the European Convention into UK law
• What does the Freedom of Information Act (2000) provide?

  Public access to information held by public bodies
• What does the Equality Act (2010) prohibit?

  Discrimination based on various characteristics
• What characteristics does the Equality Act protect against discrimination?

  Age, disability, gender, race, religion, sexual orientation
• What responsibilities do citizens have in relation to their rights?

  Fulfill responsibilities like obeying laws and paying taxes
• What are some contested responsibilities of citizens?

  Voting, respecting societal values, serving in armed forces
• What is a strength of rights protection in the UK?

  Robust common law tradition
• What is a weakness of rights protection in the UK?

  Common law can be unclear or contested
• How does parliamentary sovereignty affect the Human Rights Act?

  Allows the UK to override the Human Rights Act
• What political pressures can affect rights in the UK?

  Suspensions of rights in contentious areas
• What conflicts arise in rights enforcement?

  Conflicts between individual and collective rights
• What was the mission of Liberty, founded in 1934?

  Counter government restrictions and combat fascism
• How does Liberty approach its mission?

  Uses research, media campaigns, and legal action
• What was a success of Liberty?

  Challenged protest restrictions effectively
• What is Amnesty International's mission?

  Protect human rights globally
• What methods does Amnesty International use?

  Public campaigns and lobbying governments
• What was a success of Amnesty International?

  Secured Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe's release
• What conflicts exist between individual and collective rights?

  Freedom of expression vs. religious protection
• What was the key case of Campbell v. Mirror Group about?

  Balancing privacy and freedom of expression
• What was the outcome of Campbell v. Mirror Group?

  Privacy rights outweighed press's freedom