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week 1
lecture 2
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Cards (28)
What is the principal quantum number represented
by
?
n
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How does the wavefunction of an electron behave in an atom?
It obeys
boundary conditions
and has
quantized energy
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What equation is solved for an electron in a Coulomb potential?
Schrödinger equation
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What does the principal quantum number indicate?
Energy levels of an
electron
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What is the ground state energy for n = 1?
-hℜ
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How does energy change as n increases?
Energy increases until n =
∞
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What is an atomic orbital?
Wavefunction of an
electron
in an atom
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What does the square of the wavefunction represent?
Probability density
of an
electron
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What coordinates are used to describe atomic position?
Spherical polar coordinates
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What does the radial wavefunction depend on?
Distance from the
nucleus
(r)
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What are the three quantum numbers needed to describe atomic orbitals?
n, l,
ml
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What does the orbital angular momentum quantum number (l) relate to?
Shape of the orbital
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How many values can l take for a given n?
From
0
to
n-1
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What are subshells in atomic orbitals?
Groups of orbitals with different
l values
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What are degenerate orbitals in hydrogen?
All subshells of a given
n value
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What is the shape of an s-orbital?
Spherically
symmetrical
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What does the density of shading in an s-orbital represent?
Probability
of finding the
electron
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What happens to the size of orbitals as n increases?
Size of the orbital
increases
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What is a nodal plane in p-orbitals?
Plane where
probability density
is zero
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How many lobes does a p-orbital have?
Two
lobes of opposite sign
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What is the shape of d-orbitals?
More complicated with
four
lobes
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What does the
orbital
angular
momentum
(L) depend
on
?
Value of l
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What are the two spin states of an electron?
+
½
and -½
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What does the spin magnetic quantum number (ms) indicate?
Direction of
electron spin
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What are the quantum numbers for the ground state of hydrogen?
n = 1
,
l = 0
,
ml = 0
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What happens when a hydrogen electron absorbs energy?
It can promote to
n = 2
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How many orbitals can an electron occupy at n = 2 in hydrogen?
Four
orbitals (
2s
,
2px
,
2py
,
2pz
)
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What effect does adding more electrons have on atomic orbitals?
It affects the
energies
of the orbitals
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