specialised cells

• What are specialized cells?

  Cells that perform particular jobs
• How does cell specialization relate to structure and function?

  Structure is adapted for specific functions
• What are the adaptations of palisade mesophyll cells for photosynthesis?

  • Contain many chloroplasts
  • Large vacuole for chloroplast positioning
  • Thin cell walls for diffusion
• What is the main function of palisade mesophyll cells?

  Photosynthesis
• What adaptations do root hair cells have for nutrient absorption?

  • Long projections (hairs) for surface area
  • Located underground in soil
  • Lack chloroplasts, appear white
• What is the job of root hair cells?

  Collect water and mineral nutrients
• What genetic information do egg cells carry?

  Genetic information from the female
• What is the haploid nucleus in egg cells?

  Contains 13 chromosomes from the mother
• What is the zona pellucida?

  A jelly layer preventing multiple sperm entry
• What does the sperm cell carry?

  Genetic information from the male
• What is the function of the tail in sperm cells?

  To swim towards the egg
• What is the role of mitochondria in sperm cells?

  Provide energy for swimming
• What is the primary function of white blood cells?

  Protect the body against diseases
• How do white blood cells combat pathogens?

  • Change shape to squeeze through gaps
  • Engulf and swallow invaders
  • Produce anti-toxins and antibodies
• What do red blood cells carry in the bloodstream?

  Oxygen
• What chemical binds with oxygen in red blood cells?

  Hemoglobin
• What is oxyhemoglobin?

  Hemoglobin bound with oxygen
• How are red blood cells adapted for their function?

  • Biconcave disc shape for surface area
  • Small and flexible for capillary passage
• What shape do red blood cells have?

  Biconcave disc
• Why are red blood cells flexible?

  To squeeze through tiny blood vessels