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Biology Paper 2
Variation and Evolution(B6)
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Cards (125)
What is the main topic of the video discussed in the study material?
The main topic is
variation
in
characteristics
among individuals in a
population
.
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What should you be able to describe by the end of the video?
You should be able to describe what is meant by
variation
and its
causes
.
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What is variation in biology?
Variation
refers to the
differences
in
characteristics
of
individuals
in a
population.
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What are the three main causes of variation in a population?
Genetic
causes (
alleles
inherited)
Environmental
causes
Combination of genes and environment
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What is an example of genetic variation in humans?
Hair color and eye color are examples of
genetic
variation.
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How does the environment cause variation in flowers?
The color of flowers can depend on the
pH
of the soil.
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What is an example of variation caused by a combination of genes and the environment in humans?
Height
in humans is influenced by both genetics and diet.
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What is the role of mutations in genetic variation?
Mutations are random changes to
DNA
that contribute to genetic variation.
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What is the effect of most mutations on the phenotype?
Most mutations have
no effect
on the phenotype.
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How can some mutations influence the phenotype?
Some mutations can lead to traits such as
tallness
if the diet is suitable.
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What is a key idea regarding mutations and phenotypes?
Very
rarely
, mutations can lead to a new
phenotype.
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What can happen if a mutation leads to a beneficial phenotype?
A beneficial
phenotype
can lead to a
rapid
change in the
species
if the
environment
changes.
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What happened to the wild rabbit population in the UK in the 1950s?
A
mutation
made some rabbits resistant to a virus, leading to a new
phenotype
.
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What is the significance of the mutation in the UK rabbit population?
The mutation resulted in a new
phenotype
that became widespread in the rabbit population.
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Where can you find questions on variation for revision?
You can find questions on variation in the
revision
workbook
linked in the
video.
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What is the definition of alleles?
Alleles are different forms of a
gene
inherited
from parents.
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How do alleles influence inherited characteristics?
Alleles determine the
genetic
traits passed from parents to
offspring
.
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What is the relationship between genetic variation and evolution?
Genetic variation is essential for evolution as it provides the raw material for
natural selection
.
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What is the main topic of the video from Free Science Lessons Kol UK?
The main topic is
evolution
and how it takes place through
natural selection.
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What should viewers be able to do by the end of the video?
Viewers should be able to describe
evolution
and explain how it occurs through
natural selection
.
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What percentage of species that have ever lived on Earth are currently thought to be alive?
Only
one
percent
of
the
total
species
that
have
ever
lived
on
Earth
are
currently alive.
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When do scientists believe life first developed on Earth?
More than
3 billion
years ago.
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What were the first life-forms on Earth described as?
Very simple, for example,
single cells
.
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What is the process called through which all species of living things have evolved?
Evolution
by
natural selection
.
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What is genetic variation within a population?
It refers to the differences in
alleles
among
individuals
in a
species
.
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How do rabbits demonstrate genetic variation?
Each rabbit has a slightly different combination of
alleles
inherited
from
its
parents.
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What happens to rabbits with alleles for thicker fur in colder environments?
They are more likely to
survive
and
reproduce
than those with
thinner
fur.
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What is the result of rabbits with thicker fur surviving and reproducing?
The
alleles
for
thicker
fur
become more
common
in the
rabbit
population.
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What advantage do rabbits with better eyesight or hearing have when a predator moves into their area?
They are
more
likely
to
detect
the
predator
and
survive.
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What happens to the alleles for better eyesight or hearing over many generations?
They become
widespread
in the
rabbit
population.
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What is the definition of evolution?
Evolution is the
change
in
inherited characteristics
of a population over time through
natural selection.
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What can happen when two populations of one species become so different in phenotype?
They can no longer interbreed to produce fertile
offspring
, becoming separate species.
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What is an example of two different species of rabbits mentioned in the video?
The normal-sized rabbit and the
pygmy
rabbit.
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Why are pygmy rabbits considered a different species from normal-sized rabbits?
They cannot breed
successfully
with normal-sized rabbits.
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What is the process of natural selection?
Organisms with
advantageous
traits are more likely to survive and
reproduce
.
These traits are passed on to the
next generation
.
Over time, these traits become more common in the
population
.
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What is speciation?
The process by which
populations
evolve to become distinct
species
.
Occurs when populations can no longer
interbreed
.
Results in the formation of new species.
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What is another term for selective breeding?
Artificial selection
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What should you be able to describe by the end of the video on selective breeding?
The meaning of selective breeding, its
impact
on
food plants
and
domesticated animals
, and its
disadvantages
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What are wolves known for in relation to humans?
They can alert humans to
threats
and provide protection
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How did humans use selective breeding to produce dogs from wolves?
By selecting and breeding wolves with
desirable
traits
over thousands of
years
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