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Theories of personality
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Created by
Caitlyn Fry
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Cards (75)
Who is the founder of psychoanalytic theory?
Sigmund Freud
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In what year was Sigmund Freud born?
1856
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Where was Sigmund Freud born?
Freiberg
Moravia,
Czech Republic
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What was Freud's profession?
Medical doctor
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What does Freud suggest is the cause of illness in his patients?
Psychogenic factors
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What type of patients did Freud primarily treat?
Patients with "
Conversion Hysteria
"
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What are symptoms of Conversion Hysteria related to?
Repressed
painful memories and feelings
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What are the three levels of consciousness according to Freud?
Conscious
,
preconscious
,
unconscious
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What principle does the Id operate by?
Pleasure principle
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What is the primary function of the Ego?
Mediates between
Id
and reality
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What does the Superego represent?
Moral conscience
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How many distinct phases are there in Freud's development of personality?
Five
distinct phases
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What are the five distinct phases of personality development according to Freud?
Oral Stage
(Birth to 1 year)
Anal Stage
(18 months to 3 years)
Phallic Stage
(3 to 5 years)
Latency Stage
(5 to 12 years)
Genital Stage
(12 to 18 years+)
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What can result from conflicts in the oral and phallic stages?
Lack of
foundation
for
adult
relationships
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What do defense mechanisms help to cope with?
Anxiety between
Id
, Ego, and
Superego
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What is Object-Relations Theory concerned with?
Relationships
between people, especially family
Importance of early relationships for later problems
Relation between subject and
internalized/external objects
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Who developed Object-Relations Theory?
Melaine
Klein
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What do ego defenses help determine?
Psychological adjustment
and physical health
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Which defense mechanisms are considered healthier?
Rationalization
and
sublimation
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Who is the founder of Humanistic Theory?
Abraham Maslow
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What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs based on?
Precedence of
lower needs
over
higher needs
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What assumption does Maslow's theory make about human nature?
Human
nature
is basically
good
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What are the characteristics of self-actualizers according to Maslow?
Creative
Think differently
Experience
peak moments
Higher self-acceptance
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What criticism is directed at Maslow's theory?
Lack of
scientific
rigor
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What is the focus of Carl Rogers' Person-Centred Approach?
Client's
inner resources for growth
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What are the three core principles of Roger's Core Philosophy?
Unconditional positive regard
Congruence
Empathy
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What does congruence refer to in Rogers' theory?
Harmony between
self-concept
and experiences
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How does Rogers define empathy?
Ability to sense
client's
private world
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What is the actualizing tendency in infants?
Striving to maintain and enhance themselves
Attraction to
positive experiences
Avoidance of negative experiences
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What is the Organismic Valuing Process in infants?
Inherent tendency to value positive
experiences
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How does the Self Concept develop in infants?
Through
experiences
and interactions
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What leads to psychological tension according to the incongruence theory?
Incongruence between
self-concept
and
organismic self
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Who defined empathy in 2007?
Carl Rogers
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How does Carl Rogers describe empathy?
As sensing the
client's
private world
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What is the infant's perception of themselves?
They see themselves as the
center
of reality
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What is the actualizing tendency in infants?
Striving
to
maintain
and
enhance
themselves
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What does the organismic valuing process entail for infants?
Valuing
experiences
that enhance their
organism
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What do infants like and dislike according to their valuing process?
Like positive
experiences
, dislike negative experiences
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How does the self-concept develop in infants?
Through
interactions
and evaluations by others
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What is the need for positive regard in infants?
To seek positive experiences for
self-actualization
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