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Paper 1
Chemical changes
strong and weak acids
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Husseinah
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Cards (21)
What is a strong acid?
Acids that
fully ionize
in solution
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Give an example of a strong acid.
Hydrochloric acid
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What happens to acid molecules in aqueous solutions?
They
ionize
and release
hydrogen ions
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What does it mean for an acid to ionize?
It splits and releases
hydrogen ions
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What is the characteristic of strong acids in terms of ionization?
They fully ionize in
aqueous solutions
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Name three strong acids.
Hydrochloric acid
,
sulfuric acid
,
nitric acid
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How can you identify a weak acid from its ionization pattern?
It has a
reversible
ionization arrow
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Give an example of a weak acid.
Carbonic acid
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What does it mean for weak acids to partially ionize?
Only a
fraction
of acid molecules ionize
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Name three weak acids.
Carbonic acid
,
ethanolic acid
,
citric acid
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How does the pH scale relate to strong and weak acids?
Strong acids
have lower pH than weak acids
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Why do strong acids have a lower pH than weak acids?
They fully ionize, producing more
hydrogen ions
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What happens to hydrogen ion concentration as pH decreases?
It increases by
10 times
for each unit
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What is meant by one order of magnitude in terms of pH?
A 10 times difference in
hydrogen ion concentration
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How does a change from pH 1 to pH 3 affect hydrogen ion concentration?
It results in a
100 times
decrease
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What does the concentration of an acid indicate?
The amount of
acid molecules
in a volume
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What distinguishes a dilute acid from a concentrated acid?
A dilute acid has fewer
acid molecules
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Can the strength of an acid affect its concentration?
No
, strength and concentration are
different
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What are the characteristics of strong and weak acids?
Strong acids
:
fully ionize
, lower pH, examples include
hydrochloric
,
sulfuric
,
nitric
acids.
Weak acids:
partially ionize
, higher pH, examples include
carbonic
,
ethanolic
,
citric
acids.
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How does the pH scale relate to hydrogen ion concentration?
pH decreases by 1 unit: hydrogen ion concentration increases by
10 times
.
pH difference of 1: one order of magnitude.
pH difference of 2: two
orders of magnitude
(
100 times
).
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What is the difference between dilute and concentrated acids?
Dilute acid: fewer
acid molecules
in a given volume.
Concentrated acid: more acid molecules in a given volume.
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