L3.3.1: Hypertension

• Hypertension

  ● Sustained elevation in mean arterial pressure.

  ○ Increased effort of the heart to pump blood to suffice the need of the circulation.

  ○ There’s a possible deficiency in the supply of blood that is needed to perform several bodily activities.

  ● A condition in which blood vessels have persistently raised pressure arterial pressure elevation.
• Hypertension

  There is a certain need for the heart to compensate and compromise itself to meet the needs of the body.
• Hypertension

  ● Conditions Based on Measurements done on two visits that are one week apart.

  ○ Systolic BP of ≥ 140 mmHg

  ○ Diastolic BP of ≥ 90 mmHg

  ○ Two weeks of elevated blood pressure can clinically diagnose an individual of being hypertensive.
• Hypertension

  ● Systolic Pressure (numerator) — DURING; CONTRACTION

  ○ The pressure that the heart exerts while beating.

  ○ Ability of the heart to push on the arteries to produce the intended blood needed for the circulation.

  ○ Wave of blood due to the contraction of the heart.
• Hypertension

  ● Diastolic Pressure (denominator) — IN BETWEEN; RELAXATION

  ○ Amount of pressure in the arteries between the beats.

  ○ Ultimately determines the development of hypertension especially if it’s increased.

  ○ Pressure during relaxation of the heart.

  Sys = pressure when the heart beats

  Dia = pressure in between heartbeats
• CLASSIFICATION of Hypertension

  • Primary / Essential or Idiopathic Hypertension
  • Secondary Hypertension
• Characteristics of a blood vessel that causes hypertension: constricted & occluded
• SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF HYPERTENSION

  ● Hypertension headache

  ● Dizziness

  ● Vomiting

  ● Nausea

  ● Chest Pain

  ● Canfusion

  ● Anxiety

  ● Nosebleeds

  ● Buzzing in the ears

  ● Difficulty in breathing

  ● Abnormal heart rhythm

  ● Blurred vision or other vision changes.
• Note: Majority of the hypertensives are asymptomatic.
• KEY AREAS FOR PREVENTION OF HPN

  1. Encourage proper nutrition

  2. Prevent obesity or overweightness

  3. Smoking cessation

  ● Causes vasoconstriction = higher blood pressure
• KEY AREAS FOR PREVENTION OF HPN

  4. Identify people with risk factors and encourage regular check-ups for possible HPN and modification of risk factors.

  ● Encourage compliance to take the prescribed medicine.

  ● Non-compliance (from complying before) may result in uncontrollable hypertension.

  ● Antilipidemic and Antihypertensive medications are usually prescribed together.