Nature of ideologies

• What was the Tsarist ideology?

  • Autocracy- power of monarchy unrestricted
  • No democracy - Tsar is absloute leader
  • Russian orthodox church, justification for autocracy
  • Paternalistic (little father)
  • cult of personality
• How was the Tsarist regime paternalistic?

  • Tsars' autocracy was chosen by god
  • people often refered to him as :our little father or our father
• How was the Tsarist ideology, a cult of personality built up around the Tsar?

  • The propganda surrounding the Tsars leadership was so highly respected that for issues that were of his doing, he was not blamed but it was those around him, mps, who were blamed.
  • despite him being the leader
• What is a historical example of the cult of personality surrounding the Tsars?

  • 1913-14
  • After land shortages , hunger and poor conditions the peasants that complained in front of royal personage, would not think of blaming the Tsar, rather they balmed the government officals
  • They believed they misunderstood the Tsar, as he would neva#
• what were Marxist inevitable stages towards communism

  • fuedal
  • capitalist
  • socialist
  • communist
• What was the marxist view on what the structure of gov should look like

  • base: economy
  • super structure: government, education, family, culture

  Emphaisis on the base ( economy ) shaping the super structure
• What was stalin refered to as?


  red tsar
• What example of ideology did A2 do?

  continued his fathers themes of

  • Othodoxy (paternalitic duty)
  • Autocracy (complete obidience)
  • Nationality (so large and diverse unified russia- also why the justification for Autocracy)

  Changes to serfdom from above rather than waiting for it to collapse gained him the name

  • Tsar liberator (was fr the first to do it and no one else was brave enough to do it)
• What is an example of ideology under A3?

  Russification

  • to prevent any future extremist views from the uneducated
  • However backfired and helped spark it
• Exmple of N2 doing ideology?

  Changed as saw glimpse of democracy

  • Duma + October Manifesto 1905
  • However their powers practically crushed by the Fundemental laws
• In terms of ideology what is A3's rule often refered to as?

  The Reaction

  • his father died and he then was like reforms arent cute
• How did the churchs help the Tsars maintain power?

  • Majority of Russians were illiterate or uneducated so got there information from the church
  • through aliging the Tsars with God, serfs had no other way to think so were indoctrinated
• Who killed A2 and how did this shape A3's policies?

  Assassinated by extremist group

  • The People's will in 1881

  Caused A3

  • more repressive and restricted (the Reaction)
• When and What was the Manifesto of Unshakeable Authority?

  1881

  • essentially ignored the pressence of ops
  • reafirmed the importance of GOD x TSARS

  Love the Fartherland

  • encouraging greater national pride/ pratiotism
• What was Marxism-Leninism ?

  • Tsarist superstructure had to be destroyed and replaced
  • Marx: labour theory of value, (exploitation of workers leading to them running the GOV)
  • used as justification for lenins overthrowing
• How was Stalin's ruling diff?

  Totalitarianism

  • centralised economy
  • Personalisation of the system - he should be the sole control of the economy, society, politcs (achieved through propaganda, increased censorship, widespread repression + purges)

  MEGALOMANIAC - anything to get control - building a culture of fear
• How was Krushchevs rule diff?

  Destalinisation

  The Secret Speech 1956

  • denouced stalin
  • revealing lenin never wanted Stalin
  • he committed crimes against the people

  Released political prisoners

  relaxed censorship

  removed cult of personality