Variables

• What are independent variables in the study?

  City where the study was conducted
• What scenarios were used to measure helping behavior?

  Dropped pen, hurt leg, blind person scenarios
• What is the dependent variable in the study?

  Rate of helping for each country
• How was the rate of helping established?

  By averaging rates from three measures
• What are community variables in the analysis?

  Population size, economic prosperity, cultural values
• What was the minimum population size for cities in the study?

  Exceeding 230,000
• How was population size measured?

  Using the United Nations Demographic Year Book
• What economic measure was used in the study?

  Per capita gross domestic product with PPP
• From which year was the economic data taken?

  1994
• How were cultural values rated in the study?

  By 6 expert psychologists using a Likert scale
• What scale was used to rate individualism-collectivism?

  Likert scale from 1 to 10
• What cultures were considered simpatia cultures?

  Spain and all Latin American countries
• What was measured to indicate the pace of life?

  Walking speed of males and females
• How far was the walking speed measured?

  60 feet
• Under what conditions was walking speed measured?

  Clear summer days on unobstructed sidewalks
• How many men and women were timed in most cities?

  35 men and 35 women
• Why were only pedestrians walking alone selected for the study?

  To avoid effects of socializing on speed