little rock (1957)

• How did the opponents to desegregation at Little Rock react to the 25 new black students?


  The opponents threatened the families of the black students with loss of jobs and violence.
• What action did Orval Faubus take to 'protect the peace' at Little Rock?


  He sent 250 troops to stop the black students from entering.
• Why did the black students at Little Rock become famous?


  Because of the extent of press coverage.
• Why did Eisenhower use the Presidential Order at Little Rock?


  To move quickly and enable the Little Rock Nine to attend the school despite the riots.
• What was the overall progress made in the desegregation of education for Black Americans?


  • No Progress: Segregation remained in many areas.
  • Large amount of progress: Some schools began to integrate.
  • Civil Rights groups faced significant challenges.
• How successful were Civil Rights groups in ending segregated education in the 1950s?


  They were partially successful due to increased awareness and some legal victories.
• What were white citizens councils?

  Virtually terrorist organizations
• What did the Ku Klux Klan do during this period?

  Increased membership and violence
• What year did the Little Rock Nine event occur?

  1957
• Who is Elizabeth Eckford in the context of the Little Rock Nine?

  She is a member of the Little Rock Nine
• What was the racial situation in Little Rock, Arkansas, compared to the Deep South?

  It was further ahead in desegregation
• How did Governor Orville Forbus's stance on desegregation change?

  He became less moderate due to elections
• What percentage of black pupils were accepted at Little Rock Central High School?

  25 percent
• Why did only nine black pupils join Little Rock Central High School?

  Due to intimidation from white people
• What action did Governor Forbus take to prevent the Little Rock Nine from entering the school?

  He used 250 state troops from the National Guard
• What happened to Elizabeth Eckford on her way to school?

  She faced a murderous mob alone
• Who rescued Elizabeth Eckford from the mob?

  A sympathetic onlooker
• What was the significance of the Brown v. Board of Education case?

  It ruled segregated schools unconstitutional
• What was the date of the famous photograph of Elizabeth Eckford?

  September 4, 1957
• What did Daisy Bates say about the parents of the Little Rock Nine?

  They were completely behind the effort
• How did the images of rioting in Little Rock affect the perception of the USA?

  They shocked the world and damaged its image
• What was President Eisenhower's initial belief about enforcing integration?

  He didn't believe it would change minds
• What action did Eisenhower take to ensure integration at Little Rock Central High School?

  He sent 1,000 federal troops
• What was the outcome of Governor Forbus's actions in September 1958?

  He closed all public schools
• What types of opposition did black families face during integration?

  Violence and intimidation from various groups
• What violent organization continued to intimidate black families?

  The Ku Klux Klan
• What did Eisenhower's actions represent in the context of federal authority?

  Enforcement of federal law over states' rights
• What was the outcome of Eisenhower sending federal troops to Little Rock?

  Federal law was enforced for integration
• How did the Little Rock Nine event reflect the struggle for civil rights?

  It highlighted the conflict between federal and state laws
• What were the key events surrounding the Little Rock Nine incident?

  1. Elizabeth Eckford faces a mob
  2. Governor Forbus uses National Guard
  3. Eisenhower sends federal troops
  4. Schools close and reopen integrated
  5. Ongoing violence and intimidation