the freedom riders (1961)

• What was the outcome of the Freedom Rides in terms of bus station facilities?


  Facilities were desegregated by November 1st
• When had bus station facilities been desegregated by the Supreme Court?

  1955
• What did CORE aim to test in the Freedom Rides of 1961?


  The desegregation of bus station facilities
• How many people were on the very first Freedom Ride?


  13
• What happened to the second bus that arrived in Anniston on 15th May 1961?


  They were pulled off the bus and beaten up
• What did the police chief, ‘Bull Connor’, do during the attacks on the Freedom Riders?


  He told the police NOT to stop the KKK members
• What was the reaction of the federal government to the arrests of the Freedom Riders?


  The federal government did NOT stop the arrests
• What was the significance of the media coverage during the Freedom Rides?


  It generated huge publicity and support for the movement
• What was the main difference between the interpretations of the Freedom Rides' success?


  One emphasized media attention while the other criticized the violence faced
• What did the Freedom Rides highlight about the desegregation of buses?


  That buses were technically desegregated but not in practice
• What were the three principles that SNCC stood by from CORE and King?


  • Peaceful and visible demonstrations
  • Not rising to provocation
  • Showing opponents as violent oppressors
• What does SNCC stand for?


  Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee
• What impact did the Freedom Riders have on tackling segregation in the Southern States?


  They highlighted the ongoing segregation and gained media attention
• What was the significance of the violence faced by the Freedom Riders?

  It drew national attention to the civil rights movement
• How did the Freedom Riders contribute to the civil rights movement?

  They demonstrated the need for desegregation and mobilized public support
• How did the Freedom Rides influence public perception of segregation?


  They exposed the brutality of segregation and garnered sympathy for the movement
• What was the role of the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights during the Freedom Rides?


  They rescued riders and ensured their safety
• What was the outcome of the Freedom Rides by November 1st?


  Facilities in bus stations were desegregated
• What were the Freedom Rides?

  They were bus trips taken by civil rights activists to challenge segregation.
• What case is associated with the Supreme Court ruling on state buses?

  Browder v. Gale
• What was the Supreme Court ruling in 1956 regarding state buses?

  It desegregated state buses
• What was the status of station facilities after the 1956 ruling?

  They were not desegregated until 1960
• What organization decided to test desegregation in 1961?

  The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
• When did the freedom riders leave Washington, D.C.?

  May 4, 1961
• How many freedom riders left Washington, D.C.?

  Seven freedom riders
• What was the reaction of the Georgia governor to the freedom riders?


  He urged calm
• How many freedom riders were arrested in Georgia?

  Two freedom riders
• What problems did the freedom riders face in Alabama and Mississippi?

  Press and governor spoke against them
• What groups swore to stop the freedom riders?

  The White Citizens Council and Ku Klux Klan
• What happened on May 14, 1961, in Anniston, Alabama?


  A bus was attacked by KKK members
• What was the outcome of the attack on the bus in Anniston?

  The tires were burst and a firebomb was thrown
• Who forced open the bus door during the attack?

  A white policeman on board
• What happened to the second bus that arrived in Anniston?

  Freedom riders were dragged off and beaten
• What was the role of police chief Paul Connor in Birmingham?

  He ordered police not to stop the KKK
• What organization helped the freedom riders escape to Birmingham airport?

  The Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights (ACMHR)
• What was surprising about the injuries during the events?

  There were injuries but no deaths
• What was the condition of ambulances that arrived for the injured?


  They were segregated
• What effect did the shocking images of the freedom riders have?

  They spread around the world
• What did the federal government have to do in response to the freedom rides?

  They were forced to act
• Why was a federal soldier on the bus?

  To protect the freedom riders