Birmingham, Alabama (1963)

• What was the main goal of Campaign C?


  To gain publicity through violent reaction from the police
• What was the nickname given to Birmingham due to its racial tensions?


  Bombingham
• What does 'C' in Project C stand for?


  Confrontation
• What was the main goal of Campaign C?

  To gain attention for civil rights issues
• Where did Campaign C take place?

  Birmingham, Alabama
• Why was Birmingham chosen for Campaign C?

  It was highly segregated and needed change
• What was the significance of the name 'Bombingham'?


  It reflected the violence against black churches
• Who was Bull Connor?

  Commissioner of Public Safety in Birmingham
• What tactics did Bull Connor use against protesters?

  Fire hoses and mass arrests
• How many people were arrested during the protests in May 1963?


  1,000 people
• What was the impact of the images from the protests?

  They shocked the nation and gained attention
• Who was the President of the United States during the Birmingham protests?

  John F. Kennedy
• What did President Kennedy say about civil rights?

  All men are created equal
• What was the outcome of the Birmingham protests for civil rights activists?

  They learned to use violence for publicity
• What was a criticism of Project C?

  It put young people at risk
• What major event was spurred by the Birmingham protests?

  The March on Washington
• What were the key events of Campaign C in Birmingham?

  • Peaceful protests by young people
  • Escalation to violent clashes
  • Use of fire hoses by police
  • Mass arrests and beatings
  • National media coverage
• What lessons were learned from the Birmingham protests?

  • Violence can attract sympathy for protesters
  • Publicity is crucial for civil rights movements
  • Opponents' violence can backfire and escalate situations
• What were the consequences of the Birmingham protests for the civil rights movement?

  • Increased national awareness of civil rights issues
  • Prompted President Kennedy's speech on civil rights
  • Led to further civil rights actions, like the March on Washington
• What was the role of the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights (ACMHL) in Campaign C?


  They collaborated in organizing the protests
• What was the initial response of the police to the protests in Birmingham?

  Brutal and violent actions against protesters
• How did the Birmingham protests influence President Kennedy's stance on civil rights?

  It compelled him to address civil rights publicly