Emerging minor parties

• What is the role of smaller parties in UK politics?

  They influence policy and offer alternatives
• How do smaller parties influence policy in the UK?

  By impacting issues like Brexit and the environment
• What is co-option in the context of UK politics?

  Major parties adopt smaller parties' policies
• What role did UKIP play in the 2016 Brexit referendum?

  It was pivotal in the referendum outcome
• What happened to UKIP's popularity after the Brexit referendum?

  It plummeted to 0.1% vote share
• What did UKIP's electoral performance in 2015 and 2019 highlight?

  Benefits and challenges of the electoral system
• How much did the Green Party's vote share increase from 2010 to 2015?

  From 1% to 3.8%
• What has influenced larger parties to address environmental concerns?

  The Green Party's policy focus
• What challenges has the Green Party faced?

  Leadership changes affecting stability
• What does the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) represent?

  Unionists wanting Northern Ireland in the UK
• How did the DUP influence Theresa May's government?

  Through a supply-and-demand agreement
• How many seats did the DUP hold in Westminster in 2017?

  10 seats
• What key issue does the DUP oppose?

  The Northern Ireland Protocol
• What is the main objective of the Scottish National Party (SNP)?

  Complete independence for Scotland
• What constitutional reforms does the SNP advocate while in the UK?

  Proportional representation and elected second chamber
• What social policies does the SNP support?

  Living wage and closing attainment gap
• What stance does the SNP take on nuclear weapons?

  Opposes retaining independent nuclear weapons
• What education policy has the SNP implemented in Scotland?

  Abolished university tuition fees for students
• How does the SNP view environmental protection?

  As a key policy almost as strong as the Green Party
• What does the SNP pledge regarding the welfare state?

  To protect generous state provisions
• What did the SNP pledge in its 2021 manifesto for the NHS?

  Increase funding and recruitment of staff
• What is the SNP's position on Brexit?

  Staunchly pro-EU and opposed to Brexit
• What overall impact do smaller parties have in UK politics?

  • Shape national and local agendas
  • Provide electoral diversity
  • Influence major party decisions in Parliament
• How do smaller parties contribute to electoral diversity?

  By providing alternatives to two-party dominance
• How do smaller parties use their presence in Westminster?

  To influence major party decisions