Stats

• What is the statistical enquiry cycle?

  A cycle for statistical investigations

  
• Why is the statistical enquiry cycle considered a cycle?

  It has no simple beginning or end
• What is an iterative process?

  An improve-repeat process
• What are the five stages of the statistical enquiry cycle?

  1. Hypothesis and Planning
  2. Collecting Data
  3. Processing and Representing Data
  4. Interpreting Results
  5. Evaluating

  
• What should be specified in the hypothesis and planning stage?

  A hypothesis to be investigated
• Why should reasons be given for each choice made in a plan?

  To justify the planning decisions
• What is the goal of designing data collection?

  To minimize bias
• What type of data should be collected using an appropriate method?

  Primary data
• What should be considered when using secondary data?

  It must be reliable
• What is the purpose of cleaning the data?

  To ensure accuracy and reliability
• What should be acknowledged when processing data?

  Any sources used
• Why is it important to consider the target audience when presenting data?

  To ensure clarity and relevance
• What should be interpreted in the context of the investigation?

  Summary statistics and diagrams
• What should be identified during the evaluating stage?

  Possible issues with data collection
• What does a hypothesis represent in a statistical enquiry?

  A statement to be tested
• When should a hypothesis be stated?

  At the start of an enquiry
• What is a constraint in a statistical investigation?

  A practical limit affecting the investigation
• Why is it important to anticipate constraints?

  To include them in planning
• What is one example of a constraint?

  Time limitations
• What ethical issue must be considered in investigations?

  Well-being of participants
• What must be done with confidential information?

  It must be kept confidential
• What is sensitivity in data collection?

  Discomfort discussing sensitive topics
• What does convenience refer to in data collection?

  Difficulty in finding certain data
• What does being proactive mean in the statistical enquiry process?

  Acting ahead of time
• What is an example of a potential issue in statistical enquiry?

  Difficulties identifying the population
• What is the hypothesis Guillaume wants to investigate?

  Students listen to music more than teachers
• What should Guillaume include in his plan?

  Three valid things with explanations
• Why should Guillaume use random sampling?

  To reduce bias in selection
• What type of data is raw data?

  Data in its original form
• What can quantitative data be recorded as?

  Numbers
• What is qualitative data?

  Data that cannot be recorded as numbers
• What is continuous data?

  Data that can take any numerical value
• What is discrete data?

  Data that can only take particular values
• What is categorical data?

  Data organized into non-overlapping categories
• What is ordinal data?

  Categorical data that can be ordered
• What is bivariate data?

  Data collected as pairs of values
• What is multivariate data?

  Data collected in sets of more than two values
• What is primary data?

  Data collected by the user
• What is an advantage of primary data?

  Gathered specifically for the question
• What is a disadvantage of primary data?

  It can be time-consuming to collect