Natural selection

Cards (24)

  • What is the main topic of the video on D4.1?
    Natural selection
  • Who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection?
    Charles Darwin
  • What does natural selection contribute to on Earth?
    Biodiversity
  • What are the four requirements for natural selection to occur?
    1. Variation
    2. Overproduction of offspring
    3. Competition for resources
    4. Heritable traits
  • What is one source of variation in populations?
    Mutations
  • How do mutations contribute to variation?
    They create new alleles of genes
  • What process produces new combinations of alleles in sexually reproducing organisms?
    Meiosis
  • What is the advantage of sexual reproduction in changing environments?
    It increases genetic variation
  • What does overproduction of offspring mean?
    More offspring are produced than can survive
  • What is intra-specific competition?
    Competition within a species
  • What are abiotic factors in natural selection?
    Non-living environmental factors
  • What determines the carrying capacity of a population?
    Limitations of resources and space
  • How are abiotic factors classified in relation to population density?
    Density independent and density dependent
  • What does fitness refer to in the context of natural selection?
    Heritable factors influencing survival or reproduction
  • How does greater fitness affect an organism's survival?
    Increases chances of survival and reproduction
  • Why are acquired traits not passed down to offspring?
    They do not change DNA in gametes
  • What is required for evolutionary change to occur?
    Heritability of traits
  • What is sexual selection?
    Choosing mates based on advantageous traits
  • How do exaggerated traits affect sexual selection?
    They provide advantages in courtship behaviors
  • What did John Endler study in relation to guppies?
    Coloration and predator effects
  • What happens to male guppy coloration in areas with few predators?
    They tend to be more colorful
  • How does predator presence affect male guppy coloration?
    Less colorful in high predator areas
  • What are the implications of sexual selection on population traits?
    • Traits become exaggerated over generations
    • Increases genetic diversity
    • Influences reproductive success
  • What are the key concepts of natural selection?
    • Continuous process
    • Driven by competition and selection pressures
    • Results in adaptation and evolution