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IB Biology SL
Ecosystem
Natural selection
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Created by
Sukaina Mustaf
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Cards (24)
What is the main topic of the video on D4.1?
Natural selection
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Who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection?
Charles Darwin
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What does natural selection contribute to on Earth?
Biodiversity
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What are the four requirements for natural selection to occur?
Variation
Overproduction of
offspring
Competition for
resources
Heritable traits
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What is one source of variation in populations?
Mutations
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How do mutations contribute to variation?
They create new
alleles
of
genes
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What process produces new combinations of alleles in sexually reproducing organisms?
Meiosis
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What is the advantage of sexual reproduction in changing environments?
It increases
genetic variation
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What does overproduction of offspring mean?
More
offspring
are
produced
than
can
survive
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What is intra-specific competition?
Competition
within
a species
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What are abiotic factors in natural selection?
Non-living
environmental
factors
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What determines the carrying capacity of a population?
Limitations of
resources
and space
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How are abiotic factors classified in relation to population density?
Density independent
and
density dependent
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What does fitness refer to in the context of natural selection?
Heritable factors influencing survival or reproduction
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How does greater fitness affect an organism's survival?
Increases chances of survival and
reproduction
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Why are acquired traits not passed down to offspring?
They do not change
DNA
in
gametes
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What is required for evolutionary change to occur?
Heritability
of traits
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What is sexual selection?
Choosing mates based on
advantageous
traits
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How do exaggerated traits affect sexual selection?
They provide advantages in
courtship behaviors
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What did John Endler study in relation to guppies?
Coloration
and predator effects
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What happens to male guppy coloration in areas with few predators?
They
tend
to
be
more
colorful
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How does predator presence affect male guppy coloration?
Less
colorful
in
high
predator
areas
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What are the implications of sexual selection on population traits?
Traits become
exaggerated
over
generations
Increases
genetic diversity
Influences
reproductive success
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What are the key concepts of natural selection?
Continuous process
Driven by
competition
and selection pressures
Results in
adaptation
and evolution
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