P2.Chemical Analysis

Cards (46)

  • What is a pure substance in chemistry?
    A single element or compound
  • How do pure substances behave at melting and boiling points?
    They melt and boil at specific temperatures
  • How can melting point and boiling point data be used?
    To distinguish pure from impure substances
  • What is a formulation?
    A mixture designed as a useful product
  • Why are formulations mixed in measured quantities?
    To ensure required properties
  • Name two examples of formulations.
    Fuels and medicines
  • What does chromatography separate?
    Mixtures of substances
  • What are the two phases involved in chromatography?
    Stationary phase and mobile phase
  • What does the Rf value represent in chromatography?
    The ratio of distances moved by substances
  • How can Rf values help in chromatography?
    To identify compounds in mixtures
  • What happens to a pure compound in chromatography?
    It produces a single spot
  • How is hydrogen gas tested?
    Using a burning splint
  • What indicates the presence of hydrogen gas?
    A pop sound when burned
  • How is oxygen gas tested?
    Using a glowing splint
  • What happens to a glowing splint in oxygen?
    It relights
  • What is the test for carbon dioxide?
    Using limewater
  • What occurs when carbon dioxide is bubbled through limewater?
    Limewater turns milky
  • How is chlorine gas tested?
    Using damp litmus paper
  • What happens to damp litmus paper in chlorine?
    It bleaches and turns white
  • What can flame tests identify?
    Some metal ions (cations)
  • What color flame does lithium produce?
    Crimson flame
  • What color flame does sodium produce?
    Yellow flame
  • What color flame does potassium produce?
    Lilac flame
  • What color flame does calcium produce?
    Orange-red flame
  • What color flame does copper produce?
    Green flame
  • What happens to flame colors in a mixture of ions?
    Some colors can be masked
  • What can sodium hydroxide solution identify?
    Some metal ions (cations)
  • What precipitate forms with aluminium ions in sodium hydroxide?
    White precipitate
  • What happens to aluminium hydroxide precipitate in excess sodium hydroxide?
    It dissolves
  • What color precipitate does copper(II) ions form with sodium hydroxide?
    Blue precipitate
  • What color precipitate does iron(II) ions form with sodium hydroxide?
    Green precipitate
  • What color precipitate does iron(III) ions form with sodium hydroxide?
    Brown precipitate
  • What do carbonates produce when reacting with dilute acids?
    Carbon dioxide gas
  • How can carbon dioxide be identified?
    With limewater
  • What do halide ions produce with silver nitrate?
    Precipitates
  • What color precipitate does silver chloride produce?
    White precipitate
  • What color precipitate does silver bromide produce?
    Cream precipitate
  • What color precipitate does silver iodide produce?
    Yellow precipitate
  • What do sulfate ions produce with barium chloride?
    A white precipitate
  • What is the advantage of instrumental methods over chemical tests?
    They are accurate, sensitive, and rapid